Pytest - 使用介绍

恭喜发财dife

1. 概述

pytest是一个非常成熟的全功能的Python测试框架，主要特点有以下几点：

1、简单灵活，容易上手，文档丰富；
2、支持参数化，可以细粒度地控制要测试的测试用例；
3、能够支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试，还可以用来做selenium/appnium等自动化测试、接口自动
化测试（pytest+requests）;
4、pytest具有很多第三方插件，并且可以自定义扩展，比较好用的如pytest-selenium（集成selenium）、
pytest-html（完美html测试报告生成）、pytest-rerunfailures（失败case重复执行）、pytest-xdist（多CP
U分发）等；
5、测试用例的skip和xfail处理；
6、可以很好的和CI工具结合，例如jenkins
2. 使用介绍

2.1. 安装

pip install pytest

2.2. 示例代码

编写规则

编写pytest测试样例非常简单，只需要按照下面的规则：

1. 测试文件以test_开头（以_test结尾也可以）
   
2. 测试类以Test开头，并且不能带有 init 方法
   
3. 测试函数以test_开头
   
4. 断言使用基本的assert即可
   
5. pytest1.py
   
6. 
   
7. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
   
8. import pytest
   
9. 
   
10. @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
    
11. def setup_function(request):
    
12.     def teardown_function():
    
13.         print("teardown_function called.")
    
14.     request.addfinalizer(teardown_function)  # 此内嵌函数做teardown工作
    
15.     print('setup_function called.')
    
16. 
    
17. @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
    
18. def setup_module(request):
    
19.     def teardown_module():
    
20.         print("teardown_module called.")
    
21.     request.addfinalizer(teardown_module)
    
22.     print('setup_module called.')
    
23. 
    
24. @pytest.mark.website
    
25. def test_1(setup_function):
    
26.     print('Test_1 called.')
    
27. 
    
28. def test_2(setup_module):
    
29.     print('Test_2 called.')
    
30. 
    
31. def test_3(setup_module):
    
32.     print('Test_3 called.')
    
33.     assert 2==1+1              # 通过assert断言确认测试结果是否符合预期
    
34. fixture的scope参数
    
35. 
    
36. scope参数有四种，分别是'function','module','class','session'，默认为function。
    
37. 
    
38. function：每个test都运行，默认是function的scope
    
39. class：每个class的所有test只运行一次
    
40. module：每个module的所有test只运行一次
    
41. session：每个session只运行一次
    
42. setup和teardown操作

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setup，在测试函数或类之前执行，完成准备工作，例如数据库链接、测试数据、打开文件等
teardown，在测试函数或类之后执行，完成收尾工作，例如断开数据库链接、回收内存资源等
备注：也可以通过在fixture函数中通过yield实现setup和teardown功能
2.3. 测试结果

如何执行

1. 
   
2. pytest # run all tests below current dir
   
3. pytest test_mod.py # run tests in module file test_mod.py
   
4. pytest somepath # run all tests below somepath like ./tests/
   
5. pytest -k stringexpr # only run tests with names that match the
   
6. # the "string expression", e.g. "MyClass and not method"
   
7. # will select TestMyClass.test_something
   
8. # but not TestMyClass.test_method_simple
   
9. pytest test_mod.py::test_func # only run tests that match the "node ID",
   
10. # e.g "test_mod.py::test_func" will be selected
    
11. # only run test_func in test_mod.py
    
12. 通过pytest.mark对test方法分类执行
    
13. 
    
14. 通过@pytest.mark控制需要执行哪些feature的test，例如在执行test前增加修饰@pytest.mark.website
    
15. 
    
16. 通过 -m "website" 执行有website标记的test方法
    
17. $ pytest  -v -m "website" pytest1.py
    
18. ============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
    
19. platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 -- /home/kevin/soft/anaconda2/bin/python
    
20. cachedir: .cache
    
21. Using --randomly-seed=1522925202
    
22. rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile:
    
23. plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0
    
24. collected 3 items
    
25. 
    
26. pytest1.py::test_1 PASSED
    
27. 
    
28. ============================================================================= pytest-warning summary =============================================================================
    
29. WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0.  Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead.
    
30. =============================================================================== 2 tests deselected ===============================================================================
    
31. =========================================================== 1 passed, 2 deselected, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.00 seconds ============================================================
    
32. 通过 -m "not website" 执行没有website标记的test方法
    
33. $ pytest  -v -m "not website" pytest1.py
    
34. ============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
    
35. platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 -- /home/kevin/soft/anaconda2/bin/python
    
36. cachedir: .cache
    
37. Using --randomly-seed=1522925192
    
38. rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile:
    
39. plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0
    
40. collected 3 items
    
41. 
    
42. pytest1.py::test_3 PASSED
    
43. pytest1.py::test_2 PASSED
    
44. 
    
45. ============================================================================= pytest-warning summary =============================================================================
    
46. WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0.  Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead.
    
47. =============================================================================== 1 tests deselected ===============================================================================
    
48. =========================================================== 2 passed, 1 deselected, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.00 seconds ============================================================
    
49. Console参数介绍
    
50. 
    
51. -v 用于显示每个测试函数的执行结果
    
52. -q 只显示整体测试结果
    
53. -s 用于显示测试函数中print()函数输出
    
54. -x, --exitfirst, exit instantly on first error or failed test
    
55. -h 帮助
    
56. Case 1
    
57. 
    
58. $ pytest -v pytest1.py
    
59. ============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
    
60. platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 -- /home/kevin/soft/anaconda2/bin/python
    
61. cachedir: .cache
    
62. Using --randomly-seed=1522920341
    
63. rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile:
    
64. plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0
    
65. collected 3 items
    
66. 
    
67. pytest1.py::test_1 PASSED
    
68. pytest1.py::test_3 PASSED
    
69. pytest1.py::test_2 PASSED
    
70. 
    
71. ============================================================================= pytest-warning summary =============================================================================
    
72. WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0.  Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead.
    
73. ================================================================== 3 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds ===================================================================
    
74. Case 2
    
75. 
    
76. $ pytest -s pytest1.py
    
77. ============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
    
78. platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1
    
79. Using --randomly-seed=1522920508
    
80. rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile:
    
81. plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0
    
82. collected 3 items
    
83. 
    
84. pytest1.py setup_function called.
    
85. Test_1 called.
    
86. .teardown_function called.
    
87. setup_module called.
    
88. Test_2 called.
    
89. .Test_3 called.
    
90. .teardown_module called.
    
91. 
    
92. 
    
93. ====================================================================
    
94. ========= pytest-warning summary ===========================================
    
95. ==================================
    
96. WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and schedu
    
97. led to be removed in pytest 4.0.  Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead.
    
98. ==================================================================
    
99. 3 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds ======================================
    
100. =============================
     
101. 3. 扩展插件
     
102. 
     
103. 3.1. 测试报告
     
104. 
     
105. 安装与样例
     
106. 
     
107. pip install pytest-cov # 计算pytest覆盖率，支持输出多种格式的测试报告
     
108. pytest --cov-report=html --cov=./ test_code_target_dir
     
109. 
     
110. Console参数介绍
     
111. 
     
112. --cov=[path], measure coverage for filesystem path (multi-allowed), 指定被测试对象，用于计算测试覆盖率
     
113. --cov-report=type, type of report to generate: term, term-missing, annotate, html, xml (multi-allowed), 测试报告的类型
     
114. --cov-config=path, config file for coverage, default: .coveragerc, coverage配置文件
     
115. --no-cov-on-fail, do not report coverage if test run fails, default: False，如果测试失败，不生成测试报告
     
116. --cov-fail-under=MIN, Fail if the total coverage is less than MIN. 如果测试覆盖率低于MIN，则认为失败
     
117. Console Result

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---------------------------------------------------------------- coverage: platform linux2, python 2.7.14-final-0 ----------------------------------------------------------------
Name         Stmts   Miss  Cover
--------------------------------
pytest1.py      18      0   100%
Html Result


3.2. 测试顺序随机

pip install pytest-randomly

3.3. 分布式测试

pip install pytest-xdist

3.4. 出错立即返回

pip install pytest-instafail

libingyu135

腻害了，多谢分享

libingyu135

腻害了，多谢分享

赵佳乐SMILE

强大 学习了