penetration testing

skinapi

从字面上理解是入侵测试，是从系统的安全性来进行测试的，下面的链接里有比较详细的说明。
http://www.penetration-testing.com/

skinapi

下面是安全测试的一段相关介绍，从介绍来看penetration属于安全测试的一种：
Security Testing:

Overview
Testing which confirms that the program can access to authorized personnel and that the authorized personnel can access the functions available to their security level. Security testing is testing how well the system is protected against unauthorized internal or external access, or willful damage.

Purpose

The purpose of security testing is to determine how well a system protects against unauthorized internal or external access or willful damage


Types of Security Testing

Vulnerability Scanning
Security Scanning
Penetration Testing
Risk Assessment
Security Auditing
Ethical Hacking
Posture Assessment & Security Testing
Vulnerability Scanning is using automated software to scan one or more systems against known vulnerability signatures. Vulnerability analysis is a systematic review of networks and systems, that determines the adequacy of security measures, identifies security deficiencies, and evaluates the effectiveness of existing and planned safeguards. It justify the resources required to scope of organization's perimeter security or alternatively give you the piece of mind that your network is secure.Examples of this software are Nessus, Sara, and ISS.

Security Scanning is a Vulnerability Scan plus Manual verification. The Security Analyst will then identify network weaknesses and perform a customized professional analysis.

Penetration Testing takes a snapshot of the security on one machine, the "trophy". The Tester will attempt to gain access to the trophy and prove his access, usually, by saving a file on the machine. It is a controlled and coordinated test with the client to ensure that no laws are broken during the test. This is a live test mimicking the actions of real life attackers. Is the security of IT systems up to the task? Conducting a penetration test is a valuable experience in preparing your defenses against the real thing.

Risk Assessment involves a security analysis of interviews compiled with research of business, legal, and industry justifications.

Security Auditing involves hands on internal inspection of Operating Systems and Applications, often via line-by-line inspection of the code. Thorough and frequent security audits will mean your network is more secure and less prone to attack.

Ethical Hacking is basically a number of Penetration Tests on a number of systems on a network segment.

Posture Assessment and Security Testing combine Security Scanning, Ethical Hacking and Risk Assessments to show an overall Security Posture of the organization. It needs a methodology to follow.

The 6 testing sections include:

Information Security
Process Security
Internet Technology Security
Communications Security
Wireless Security
Physical Security
The Information Security section is where an initial Risk Assessment is performed. All pertinent documentation is compiled and analyzed to compute "Perfect Security". This level of Perfect Security then becomes the benchmark for the rest of the test. Throughout the other five sections, all testing results are reviewed against this benchmark and the final report includes a gap analysis providing solutions to all outstanding vulnerabilities.

Process Security addresses Social Engineering. Through Request, Guided Suggestion, and Trusted Persons testing the tester can gauge the security awareness of your personnel.

The Internet Technology Security Testing section contains what most people view as a security test. Various scans and exploit research will point out any software and configuration vulnerabilities along with comparing the business justifications with what is actually being deployed.

Communications Security Testing involves testing Fax, Voicemail and Voice systems. These systems have been known to be exploited causing their victims to run up costly bills. Most of these exploits will go unknown without being tested.

Wireless Security Wireless Technology has been gaining in use rapidly over the last few years. The Wireless Security Testing section was created to address the gaping exploits that can be found due to misconfigurations by engineers with limited knowledge of the recent technology.

Physical Security Testing section. This section checks areas such as physical access control and the environmental and political situations surrounding the site. An example of this may be, if your data center has been placed in the flight path of an airport runway. What is the risk of having an airliner engine jump into your server rack? If you have a redundant data center, then the risk may be assumable. Another risk is having your call center located in a flood plain.