Watir 学习系列--windows下截图

wjhbj · 发表于 2010-6-4 12:57:06

使用watir做自动化测试时，当脚本执行过程中出现验证失败时，有时需要进行截图保存
其实watir自带了截图的功能，自带的方法在下面目录：
C:\ruby\lib\ruby\gems\1.8\gems\watir-1.6.2\lib\watir\screen_capture.rb
原理：
1、模拟键盘输入截图按键
2、打开windows自带的画图软件，将黏贴板中截图的信息复制到画图软件中
3、保存为JPG或 BMP格式

因为自带的方法不完全符合实际测试的要求，修改了下，增加了下面内容：
1、增加对相对路径的支持，如："# {File.dirname(__FILE__)}/http://www.cnblogs.com/input/test.jpg"
2、当路径不存在时，创建相应的目录
3、当目录中已存在对应文件时，先重命名存在的文件，重命名后的文件如：test.20090812151922.jpg

修改后的类（LibScreen.rb）如下：
LibScreen.rb
class ScreenClass
def initialize
   require 'Win32API'
end

   #功能说明：
   #- 将文件重命名
   #
   #参数说明：
   #- from：原文件路径，必须带文件名，格式如：c:\\test.txt
   #- to：新文件路径及名称，必须带文件名，格式如：c:\\test_bak.txt，不带该参数时，默认在原文件名后加上日期
   #
   #调用示例：
   #- $TxtClass.RenameFile("c:\\test.txt","c:\\test_bak.txt")
   #- $TxtClass.RenameFile("c:\\test.txt")
   #
   #返回值说明：
   #- 成功：返回true
   #- 失败：返回false
def RenameFile(from,to =  nil)
   begin
      if (FileTest::exist?(from)) and (File.basename(from) =~ /.*\..*/ )
      if (to == nil)
         extname = File.extname(from)
         filename = File.basename(from,extname)
         new_filename = filename + '.' + Time.now.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S") + extname
         to = File.dirname(from) + '/'+ new_filename
      end

      File.rename(from, to)
      return true
      else
      puts "重命名文件失败，原因：文件不存在，路径为#{from}"
      return false
      end
   rescue StandardError => bang
      puts "Error running script: " + bang
      return false
   end
end

   #功能说明：
   #- 获取文件的真实路径
   #
   #参数说明：
   #- file_path：原文件路径，如果原文件路径不存在，系统自动创建相应路径
   #- return_file：是否返回路径中的文件名，默认未返回
   #
   #调用示例：
   #- $TxtClass.GetRealPath("#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/http://www.cnblogs.com/input/data.xls"  )
   #
   #返回值说明：
   #- 成功：返回真实的路径
   #- 失败：返回false
def GetRealPath(file_path,return_file = 'Y')
   begin
      @@file_name = ''
      @@real_dir_row = []

      if (file_path.include?("\\"))
      file_path = file_path.to_s.gsub('\\','/')
      end

      if (file_path.include?("/"))

      file_basename = File.basename(file_path)  #获取文件名
      file_dirname = File.dirname(file_path)

      if (file_basename =~ /.*\..*/)
         file_dirname = File.dirname(file_path)
      else
         file_basename = ''
         file_dirname = file_path
      end

      if (!FileTest::exist?(file_dirname))  #判断目录是否存在，不存在则创建相应目录
         FileUtils.makedirs(file_dirname)
      end

      if (file_dirname[0,2] == './')
         real_dir = Pathname.new(File.dirname(File.dirname(file_dirname[0,2]))).realpath
         real_path = File.join(real_dir,file_dirname[2,file_dirname.length] )
      else
         real_path = file_dirname
      end

      if (real_path.include?(".."))
         temp_row = real_path.split('/')

         temp_row.each do |dir|
            if(dir == "..")
            @@real_dir_row.pop
            else
            @@real_dir_row.push(dir)
            end
         end

         real_path = @@real_dir_row.join('/')
      end

      if (return_file.upcase == 'Y')
         result = File.join(real_path,file_basename)
      else
         result = real_path
      end

      result = result.to_s.gsub('/','\\')
      return  result
      else
      puts "获取文件路径失败，原因：#{real_path}路径格式不正确。"
      return false
      end
   rescue StandardError => bang
      puts "Error running script: " + bang
      return false
   end
end #def GetRealPath

def ScreenCapture(file_path , active_window_only=false, save_as_bmp=false)
   keybd_event    = Win32API.new("user32", "keybd_event", ['I','I','L','L'], 'V')
   vkKeyScan       = Win32API.new("user32", "VkKeyScan", ['I'], 'I')
   winExec          = Win32API.new("kernel32", "WinExec", ['P','L'], 'L')
   openClipboard    = Win32API.new('user32', 'OpenClipboard', ['L'], 'I')
   setClipboardData = Win32API.new('user32', 'SetClipboardData', ['I', 'I'], 'I')
   closeClipboard    = Win32API.new('user32', 'CloseClipboard', [], 'I')
   globalAlloc       = Win32API.new('kernel32', 'GlobalAlloc', ['I', 'I'], 'I')
   globalLock       = Win32API.new('kernel32', 'GlobalLock', ['I'], 'I')
   globalUnlock    = Win32API.new('kernel32', 'GlobalUnlock', ['I'], 'I')
   memcpy          = Win32API.new('msvcrt', 'memcpy', ['I', 'P', 'I'], 'I')

   file_basename = File.basename(file_path)  #获取文件名

   if(file_basename.upcase =~ /.*.(JPG|BMP)/)
      real_file_path = GetRealPath(file_path)  #获取文件的真实路径

      if (FileTest::exist?(real_file_path))
      RenameFile(real_file_path)
      end

      if active_window_only ==false
      keybd_event.Call(0x2C,0,0,0) # Print Screen
      else
      keybd_event.Call(0x2C,1,0,0) # Alt+Print Screen
      end

      winExec.Call('mspaint.exe', 5)
      sleep(1)

      # Ctrl + V  : Paste
      keybd_event.Call(0x11, 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?V), 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?V), 1, 0X2, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x11, 1, 0X2, 0)

      # Alt F + A : Save As
      keybd_event.Call(0x12, 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?F), 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?F), 1, 0X2, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x12, 1, 0X2, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?A), 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?A), 1, 0X2, 0)
      sleep(1)

      # copy filename to clipboard
      hmem = globalAlloc.Call(0X0002, real_file_path.length+1)
      mem = globalLock.Call(hmem)
      memcpy.Call(mem, real_file_path, real_file_path.length+1)
      globalUnlock.Call(hmem)

      openClipboard.Call(0)
      setClipboardData.Call(1, hmem)
      closeClipboard.Call
      sleep(1)

      # Ctrl + V  : Paste
      keybd_event.Call(0x11, 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?V), 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?V), 1, 0X2, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x11, 1, 0X2, 0)

      if save_as_bmp == false
      # goto the combo box
      keybd_event.Call(0x09, 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x09, 1, 0X2, 0)
      sleep(0.5)

      # select the first entry with J
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?J), 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(vkKeyScan.Call(?J), 1, 0X2, 0)
      sleep(0.5)
      end

      # Enter key
      keybd_event.Call(0x0D, 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x0D, 1, 0X2, 0)
      sleep(1)

      # Alt + F4 : Exit
      keybd_event.Call(0x12, 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x73, 1, 0, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x73, 1, 0X2, 0)
      keybd_event.Call(0x12, 1, 0X2, 0)
      sleep(1)
      puts "截图保存的路径为：#{real_file_path}"
      return true

   else
      puts "保存的文件扩展名不正确，路径必须带文件名且文件扩展名必须为.jpg或.bmp"
      return false
   end
end # def ScreenCapture end
  end #class ScreenClass end


调用方法如下：
require 'LibScreen.rb'

#初始对象
ScreenClass = ScreenClass.new

#截取整个屏幕
ScreenClass.ScreenCapture("c:\\test1.jpg")

#截取当前激活的窗口
ScreenClass.ScreenCapture("c:\\test2.jpg",true)