Python做接口自动化测试

MilgGtery · 发表于 2018-5-31 16:22:09

2 ENV = 'test' 3 4 APP_VERSION = '2.3.7' 5 6 HEADERS = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'} 7 8 # test url test config 9 API_TEST_BASE_URL = "http://api.abc.com"10 11 # redis config12 REDIS_HOST = ''13 REDIS_PORT = ''14 15 # mysql config16 DB_HOST = ''17 DB_PORT = ''18 DB_USER = ''19 DB_PASSWORD = ''复制代码二、base.py
该文件中主要是对测试url的处理、对常用的请求类型重新封装（如：GET、POST等）
复制代码 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2 import json,requests 3 import settings 4 5 6 class BaseApi(object): 7 url = "" 8 base_url= settings.API_TEST_BASE_URL 9 10 def __init__(self,url_params=None):11 if not url_params:12 url_params = []13 self.url_params = url_params14 self.response = None15 self.base_url = self.base_url16 17 # 拼接url18 def api_url(self):19 if not self.url:20 raise RuntimeError("no url been set")21 return self._get_url()22 23 def _get_url(self):24 format_url = self.url.format(self.url_params)25 return "{0}{1}".format(self.base_url, format_url)26 27 # 封装POST请求类型28 def post(self, data=None):29 if not data:30 data = {}31 base_param = self.build_base_param()32 custom_param = self.build_custom_param(data)33 data.update(base_param)34 data.update(custom_param)35 self.response = requests.post(url=self.api_url(), data=data, headers=settings.HEADERS)36 return self.response37 38 # 封装GET请求类型39 def get(self,data=None):40 if not data:41 data={}42 base_param = self.build_base_param()43 custom_param = self.build_custom_param(data)44 data.update(base_param)45 data.update(custom_param)46 response = requests.get(url=self.api_url(),params=data)47 return self.response48 49 # 获取回参中状态码50 def get_code(self):51 if self.response:52 return json.loads(self.response.text)['code']53 54 # 获取HTTP状态码55 def get_status_code(self):56 if self.response:57 return self.response.status_code58 59 # 获取回参中message60 def get_response_message(self):61 if self.response:62 return json.loads(self.response.text)['msg']63 64 # 所有接口共有的入参，比如：app_version、token等65 def build_base_param(self):66 return {67 "app_version": SETTINGS.APP_VERSION,68 "token":""69 }70 71 # 被测接口除公共参数外所需的其余参数72 def build_custom_param(self, data):73 return {}复制代码三、conn_db.py 连接数据库
复制代码 1 import pymysql.cursors,settings 2 3 4 def execute(sql, params=None, db='', is_fetchone=True): 5 # Connect to the database 6 connection = pymysql.connect(host=settings.DB_HOST, 7 port=settings.DB_PORT, 8 user=settings.DB_USER, 9 password=settings.DB_PASSWORD,10 db=db,11 autocommit=True,12 charset='utf8mb4',13 cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)14 try:15 with connection.cursor() as cursor:16 cursor.execute(sql, params)17 if is_fetchone:18 return cursor.fetchone()19 else:20 return cursor.fetchall()21 finally:22 connection.close()复制代码user.py文件主要是对数据库中用户相关的一些操作
复制代码# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import db
def get_sms_captcha(mobile): # 获取短信验证码 sms_captcha = db.execute('select code from send_sms_code where mobile=%s order by id desc',params=(mobile)) return sms_captcha['code']
def delete_user(mobile): # 删除用户 db.execute('delete from user where mobile=%s',params=(mobile))复制代码

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MilgGtery · 发表于 2018-5-31 16:22:47

四、下面以注册接口为例子
因注册时需要获取短信验证码，所以除了调用注册接口之外，还需要调用获取短信验证码皆苦，在base_api下新建register_api.py、send_sms_code_api.py，内容如下：
register_api.py
复制代码 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2 from base_api.base_api import BaseApi 3 import settings 4 5 class RegisterApi(BaseApi): 6 url = '/home/register' 7 8 #对BaseApi类中build_custom_param方法重写 9 def build_custom_param(self, data):10 return {'login_name':data['login_name'],'password':data['password'],'code':data['code'],'nickname':data['nickname']}复制代码send_sms_code_api.py
复制代码 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2 from base_api.base_api import BaseApi 3 import settings 4 5 6 class SendSmsCaptcha(BaseApi): 7 url = '/user/sendsms' 8 9 def build_custom_param(self, data):10 return {'type': data['type'], 'phone': data['phone']}复制代码对两个接口的url地址和所需要的入参都已经封装好了，接下来开始写case。
在test_case下新建test_register_api.py
下面是一个注册成功的例子
复制代码 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2 from unittest import TestCase 3 from base_api.register_api import RegisterApi 4 from base_api.send_sms_code_api import SendSmsCaptcha 5 from utilities import user 6 import settings,json 7 8 9 10 class TestRegisterApi(TestCase):11 new_mobile = '13000000001'12 password = '123abc'13 nick_name = 'XiangXi'14 15 16 def test_register_success(self):17 # 调用发送短信验证码接口18 send_sms_code_api = SendSmsCaptcha()19 send_sms_code_api.post({'type':'register','phone':self.new_mobile})20 21 # 校验发送短信验证码接口HTTP状态码为20022 self.assertEqual(send_sms_code_api.get_status_code(),200)23 24 # 校验发送短信验证码接口反参中code为0，代表成功（不同项目该字段值不一定为0）25 self.assertEqual(send_sms_code_api.get_code(),0)26 27 # 通过数据库获取短信验证码28 sms_code = user.get_sms_captcha(self.new_mobile)29 30 # 调用注册接口31 register_api = RegisterApi()32 response = register_api.post({'login_name':self.new_mobile,'password':self.password,'code':sms_code,'nickname':self.nick_name})33 34 # 校验注册接口HTTP状态码为20035 self.assertEqual(send_sms_code_api.get_status_code(),200)36 37 # 校验注册接口反参中code为038 self.assertEqual(register_api.get_code(),0)39 40 # 校验反参中手机号、登录名与用户昵称是否与入参值一样41 identity_obj = json.loads(response.content)['result']['identity_obj']42 self.assertEqual(identity_obj['nickname'],self.nick_name)43 self.assertEqual(identity_obj['login_name'],self.new_mobile)44 self.assertEqual(identity_obj['mobilephone'],self.new_mobile)45 46 def tearDown(self):
47 user.delete_user(self.new_mobile)复制代码

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最后和WEB端类似，通过teardown()方法将新注册的用户在数据库中删除，防止该手机号下次执行ca
se时候报手机号已被注册。

为了更好了验证通过接口注册的用户信息，也可以调用登录接口测试一下注册接口反参中的用户名是
否可以正常登陆返回token。

五、如果调用接口的前提需要用户登录，那么就需要BaseApi类中build_base_param方法中的token有
一个有效的值，否则调用接口时可能会提示token错误或者用户未登录等，这种情况下可以新建一个
LoginBaseApi类，继承BaseApi，代码如下：

假设对登录接口已经进行了封装，入参为login_name和password

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1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

2 from base_api.base_api import BaseApi 3 from base_api.login_api import LoginApi 4 5 class LoginBaseApi(BaseApi): 6 def __init__(self, login_name,password, *args, **kwargs): 7 super(LoginBaseApi, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) 8 self.login_name = login_name 9 self.password = password10 11 def build_base_param(self):12 base_param = super(LoginBaseApi, self).build_base_param()13 response = LoginApi().post(self.login_name, self.password)14 base_param['token'] = token15 return base_param

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这时，底层类就有两个，一个是BaseApi() 一个是LoginBaseApi()，需要登录的接口在封装入参时继承Login
BaseApi，不需要登录的接口继承BaseApi

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Python做接口自动化测试

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