【推荐原文】What Testers Need in Their Accessibility Testing Toolkits（已认领

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原文作者：Albert Gareev
作者联系方式：无
原文地址链接：https://www.stickyminds.com
推荐理由：让我们更进一步了解测试工具

　　Summary:
　　A software tester's accessibility testing toolkit should contain various tools, both to help testers "walk in the shoes" of their users and to quickly flag obvious problems and expose accessibility features (or a lack of them). High performance is only achievable with human skill, but these tools will help you uncover potential issues and make your product a better user experience for a wider audience.
　　The concept that software should be usable by the widest possible audience has been around for more than twenty years, yet for quite a while it remained out of the mainstream of testing and development efforts.
　　This has been changing in recent years. We have seen diversity and digital inclusion become social priorities. On top of the implied social contract, we also now have explicit legal contracts, such as Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in the US and Canadian provincial legislations (AODA in Ontario, Quebec Standards for Accessibility, and others), which define accessibility standards for government and public sector software. This sets a trending example for the overall market.
　　Just like designers, business analysts, and programmers, testers need to acquire new professional skills in the accessibility domain.
　　Digital accessibility refers to not only ease of use within web browsers for those with visual, auditory, or motor disabilities, but also software supported by users' assistive technologies. Using tools to identify accessibility problems is a popular approach, but it has hidden pitfalls. Accessibility at large is about human perception, cognition, and interaction, and those aspects are hardly detectable by mechanistic means. Here, let's look at accessibility testing tools by category, highlighting their advantages and risks.
　　Why Tools Are Essential for Accessibility Testing
　　Testers recognize problems with software based on their mental models, experiences, and feelings. But how can we test a product effectively on behalf someone with different perceptions and mental models?  
　　One way is learning accessibility-specific oracles-effectively, heuristic principles-in order to be able to recognize and classify barriers that may be encountered by people with disabilities. Another important method is employing tools to alter your own perception and cognition so you can model the usage patterns of your customers.
　　The ways customers navigate and operate the software product may vary depending on the cognitive, motoric, and habitual characteristics of their interaction with the software. It also depends on users' knowledge of domains, experience with particular products, and skill level in using assistive technologies in particular and information technologies in general. That asks for a variety of tools to be employed by testers.
　　Accessibility testing tools include those specifically created to identify defects as well as regular assistive technologies used by testers in the same way as people with disabilities. Let's look at some of the most popular tools.
　　Screen Readers
　　People with vision impairment use screen readers, software programs that read the text displayed on a screen using a speech synthesizer or Braille display. The user can send commands by pressing different combinations of keys to instruct the speech synthesizer what to say, to read or spell a word or full screen of text, announce the location of the computer's cursor, and more.
　　Screen readers are available as commercial and as free or open source software (such as popular English-speaking options JAWS and NVDA), and there are also built-in options for Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android.
　　Screen readers are not testing tools by intent, but they are invaluable for accessibility testers to simulate their users' experience firsthand.

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