Quality Control和Quality Assurance的区别

eightants

下面是我从CSQA学习资料里找到的定义，Tester的职务好像更接近Quality Control：

Quality Control

Quality Control (QC) is defined as the processes and methods used to compare product quality to requirements and applicable standards, and the action taken when a nonconformance is detected.

Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance (QA) is the set of activities (including facilitation, training, measurement and analysis) needed to provide adequate confidence that processes are established and continuously improved in order to produce products or services that conform to requirements and are fit for use.

Differentiating Between Quality Control and Quality Assurance

QC is an activity that verifies whether or not the product produced meets standards. QA is an activity that establishes and evaluates the processes that produce the products. If there is no process, there is no role for QA. Assurance would determine the need for, and acquire or help install system development methodologies, estimation processes, system maintenance processes, and so forth.
Once installed, QA would measure them to find weaknesses in the process and then correct those weaknesses to continually improve the processes.
It is possible to have quality control without quality assurance. For example, there might be a standard that “ALTER GO TO” statements in COBOL should not be used. Regardless of whether a program is produced using a system development process or done by an individual without a process, it could still be checked to determine whether or not “ALTER GO TOs” are in the program.
The following statements help differentiate QC from QA:
• QC relates to a specific product or service.
• QC verifies whether particular attributes exist, or do not exist, in a specific product or service.
• QC identifies defects for the primary purpose of correcting defects.
• QC is the responsibility of the worker.
• QA helps establish processes.
• QA sets up measurement programs to evaluate processes.
• QA identifies weaknesses in processes and improves them.
• QA is a management responsibility, frequently performed by a staff function.
• QA evaluates whether or not quality control is working for the primary purpose of determining whether or not there is a weakness in the process.
• QA is concerned with all of the products that will ever be produced by a process.
• QA is sometimes called quality control over quality control because it evaluates whether quality control is working.
• QA personnel should not ever perform quality control unless doing it to validate quality control is working.

lguse

不错，对质量控制和质量保证有了了解。

wgs0923

质量控制
质量控制（QC）被定义为将产品质量和需求、可适用的标准作比较的过程和方法，以及在发现不一致性时执行活动。

质量保证
质量保证（QA）是一系列为了生产符合需求和适合我们使用的产品或者服务而建立过程和不断地进行改进，需要提供足够信心的活动（包括促进、培训、测量和分析）。

质量控制和质量保证之间的区别：
质量控制是一项确认生产的产品是否满足标准的活动。
质量保证是一项建立和评价生产产品过程的活动。
如果没有过程，就没有质量保证的作用。保证将确定需求、获得或者帮助建立系统开发方法，评价过程，系统维护过程等等。
过程一旦建立，质量保证将对它们进行测量，发现过程中的缺点，然后改正以便不断地改进。

有质量控制而没有质量保证是可能的:
例如，可能有规定“ALTER GO TO”声明在COBOL（面向商业的通用语言）中不能使用。
那么,不管程序是使用系统开发流程开发的还是由没有流程的个人开发的，它仍然可以检查到“ALTER GO TOS”在程序中确定是否被使用。
以下叙述有助于区分质量控制和质量保证：
•质量控制与特定的产品或者服务相关；
•质量控制确认在特定的产品或者服务中是否存在特殊的属性;
•质量控制根据修改缺陷的首要目的来识别缺点;
•质量控制是工人的职责;
•质量保证帮助建立过程;
•质量保证建立评价过程的测量计划;
•质量保证识别在过程中的缺点和改进过程;
•质量保证是个管理的职责，经常表现为员工职能;
•质量保证评价是否进行质量控制的首要目的是确定在过程中是否存在缺点;
•质量保证关心所有的产品都由一个过程生产出来;
•质量保证有时叫做质量控制上的质量控制，因为它评价质量控制是否在执行;
•质量保证人员一般不执行质量控制，除非是验证质量控制是否在执行。