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今天给大家分享一篇用openpyxl操作Excel的文章。
各种数据需要导入Excel?多个Excel要合并?目前,Python处理Excel文件有很多库,openpyxl算是其中功能和性能做的比较好的一个。接下来我将为大家介绍各种Excel操作。
1、打开Excel文件
新建一个Excel文件
- >>> from openpyxl import Workbook
- >>> wb = Workbook()
复制代码 打开现有Excel文件
- >>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
- >>> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
复制代码 打开大文件时,根据需求使用只读或只写模式减少内存消耗。
- wb = load_workbook(filename='large_file.xlsx', read_only=True)
- wb = Workbook(write_only=True)
复制代码 2、获取、创建工作表
获取当前活动工作表:
创建新的工作表:
- >>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # insert at the end (default)
- # or
- >>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) # insert at first position
- # or
- >>> ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1) # insert at the penultimate position
复制代码 使用工作表名字获取工作表:
- >>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
复制代码 获取所有的工作表名称:
- >>> print(wb.sheetnames)
- ['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
- 使用for循环遍历所有的工作表:
- >>> for sheet in wb:
- ... print(sheet.title)
复制代码 3、保存
保存到流中在网络中使用:
- >>> from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
- >>> from openpyxl import Workbook
- >>> wb = Workbook()
- >>> with NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
- wb.save(tmp.name)
- tmp.seek(0)
- stream = tmp.read()
- 保存到文件:
- >>> wb = Workbook()
- >>> wb.save('balances.xlsx')
- 保存为模板:
- >>> wb = load_workbook('document.xlsx')
- >>> wb.template = True
- >>> wb.save('document_template.xltx')
复制代码 4、单元格
单元格位置作为工作表的键直接读取:
为单元格赋值:
- >>> ws['A4'] = 4
- >>> c.value = 'hello, world'
复制代码 多个单元格 可以使用切片访问单元格区域:
- >>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
复制代码 使用数值格式:
- >>> # set date using a Python datetime
- >>> ws['A1'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
- >>>
- >>> ws['A1'].number_format
- 'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'
复制代码 使用公式:
- >>> # add a simple formula
- >>> ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
复制代码 合并单元格时,除左上角单元格外,所有单元格都将从工作表中删除:
- >>> ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')
- >>> ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')
- >>>
- >>> # or equivalently
- >>> ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
- >>> ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
复制代码 5、行、列
可以单独指定行、列、或者行列的范围:
- >>> colC = ws['C']
- >>> col_range = ws['C:D']
- >>> row10 = ws[10]
- >>> row_range = ws[5:10]
复制代码 可以使用Worksheet.iter_rows()方法遍历行:
- >>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
- ... for cell in row:
- ... print(cell)
- <Cell Sheet1.A1>
- <Cell Sheet1.B1>
- <Cell Sheet1.C1>
- <Cell Sheet1.A2>
- <Cell Sheet1.B2>
- <Cell Sheet1.C2>
复制代码 同样的Worksheet.iter_cols()方法将遍历列:
- >>> for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
- ... for cell in col:
- ... print(cell)
- <Cell Sheet1.A1>
- <Cell Sheet1.A2>
- <Cell Sheet1.B1>
- <Cell Sheet1.B2>
- <Cell Sheet1.C1>
- <Cell Sheet1.C2>
复制代码 遍历文件的所有行或列,可以使用Worksheet.rows属性:
- >>> ws = wb.active
- >>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
- >>> tuple(ws.rows)
- ((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
- (<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
复制代码 或Worksheet.columns属性:
- >>> tuple(ws.columns)
- ((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
- <Cell Sheet.A2>,
- <Cell Sheet.A3>,
- <Cell Sheet.A4>,
- <Cell Sheet.A5>,
- <Cell Sheet.A6>,
- ...
- <Cell Sheet.B7>,
- <Cell Sheet.B8>,
- <Cell Sheet.B9>),
- (<Cell Sheet.C1>,
- <Cell Sheet.C2>,
- <Cell Sheet.C3>,
- <Cell Sheet.C4>,
- <Cell Sheet.C5>,
- <Cell Sheet.C6>,
- <Cell Sheet.C7>,
- <Cell Sheet.C8>,
- <Cell Sheet.C9>))
复制代码 使用Worksheet.append()或者迭代使用Worksheet.cell()新增一行数据:
- >>> for row in range(1, 40):
- ... ws1.append(range(600))
- >>> for row in range(10, 20):
- ... for col in range(27, 54):
- ... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
复制代码 插入操作比较麻烦。可以使用Worksheet.insert_rows()插入一行或几行:
- >>> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
- >>> ws.insert_rows(7)
- >>> row7 = ws[7]
- >>> for col in range(27, 54):
- ... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=7, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
- Worksheet.insert_cols()操作类似。Worksheet.delete_rows()和Worksheet.delete_cols()用来批量删除行和列。
复制代码 6、只读取值
使用Worksheet.values属性遍历工作表中的所有行,但只返回单元格值:
- for row in ws.values:
- for value in row:
- print(value)
复制代码 Worksheet.iter_rows()和Worksheet.iter_cols()可以设置values_only参数来仅返回单元格的值:
- >>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2, values_only=True):
- ... print(row)
- (None, None, None)
- (None, None, None)
复制代码
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