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签到天数: 1050 天 连续签到: 1 天 [LV.10]测试总司令
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背景
Jenkins借助钉钉插件,实现当构建失败时,自动触发钉钉预警。虽然插件允许自定义消息主体,支持使用Jenkins环境变量,但是局限性依旧很大。当接收到钉钉通知后,若想进一步查看报错具体原因,仍完全依赖邮件通知,很影响效率。
如何在钉钉通知消息中,获取到本次构建的具体内容,如失败占比、失败用例报错详情等,本文记录了解决思路。最终实现结果如图:
解决思路
Jenkins+RobotFramework项目
思路如下:
使用Startup Trigger插件和Groovy plugin插件,在服务重启时自动修改Jenkins CSP配置, 解决Robot Framework项目测试报告在Jenkins服务器上无法预览的问题,如下:
- System.setProperty("hudson.model.DirectoryBrowserSupport.CSP", "")
复制代码
Jenkins项目构建完成后, 在构建后操作中,利用Post Build Task插件提供的命令行功能,传入相关参数执行封装的脚本,如下:
- if "%构建失败时触发钉钉通知%"=="true" (
- echo ************推送钉钉消息通知************
- cd %WORKSPACE%/test
- C:/python38/python.exe dingtalk.py --id=%BUILD_NUMBER% --name=%JOB_NAME% --server=xxxxxx
- echo *******************************************
- exit 0
- )
复制代码 说明几点:
“构建失败时触发钉钉通知” 是我自定义的布尔类型的项目构建参数,用于更方便的控制是否触发钉钉消息通知;
dingtalk.py是封装的脚本,其内容在下面会详细说明;
Post Build Task插件的位置必须位于Robot Framework插 件之后,否则会引发以下异常:
- robot.errors.DataError: Reading XML source '<in-memory file>' failed: Incompatible XML element 'html'
复制代码 编写第二步中调用的钉钉消息通知脚本,其核心思路可分为两点:
获取并分析本次构建结果文件(如output.xml),提取数据如:失败占比、失败用例报错详情等;
组装Markdown格式的消息主体,然后调用DingTalk Webhook接口,推送消息通知。
核心代码如下:
- def fetch_robot_output_xml(xml_name=None, save=False, cache=True) -> str:
- """ 从服务器上获取 Robot Framework 项目构建完成后生成的xml文件
- @param xml_name: xml文件名称, 部分项目会合并测试报告, 默认`merge.xml`
- @param save: 是否将文件保存到本地, 默认 False
- @param cache: 默认为True, 会首先遍历本地已保存的构建文件, 若文件名称不存在才会向服务器发起请求;
- @Returns : xml文件内容
- """
- xml_name = xml_name if xml_name else "merge.xml"
- url = url_prefix + f"{name}/{id}" + f"/robot/report/{xml_name}"
- output_xml = None
- if cache:
- for xml in robot_outputs.glob('*.xml'):
- if name in xml.stem and id in xml.stem:
- output_xml = xml.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
- break
- if not output_xml:
- print(f"发起请求获取测试报告, 目标URL: {url}")
- # curl -X GET {URL} --user {USER}:{TOKEN}
- resp = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(jenkins_user.encode('utf-8'), jenkins_token.encode('utf-8')))
- resp.encoding = 'utf-8'
- output_xml = resp.text
- if save and not cache:
- save_output_xml(output_xml, f"{server}_{name}_{id}_output.xml")
- print("Done.")
- return output_xml
- def parse_robot_result(xml) -> dict:
- """解析用例运行结果
- pip install robotframework==3.2.1
- 获取统计信息, 优先使用此方法, 因为xml文件中可能会不包含有效的测试报告信息, 如请求获取文件服务器返回404的情况
- """
- print('解析用例运行结果...')
- try:
- suite = ExecutionResult(xml).suite
- except DataError as e:
- raise e('解析xml文件失败, 请检查构建文件内容是否完整, 确认服务器上的构建文件是否已被删除')
- all_tests = suite.statistics.critical
- total, passed, failed = all_tests.total, all_tests.passed, all_tests.failed
- pass_rate = round((passed / total) * 100, 2)
- is_success = True if failed == 0 else False
- stat = {'server': server, 'job': name, 'build_id': id, 'total': total, 'passed': passed, 'failed': failed, 'pass_rate': str(pass_rate) + "%", 'is_success': is_success}
- print('Done')
- return stat
- def pick_fail_cases(xml: str) -> list:
- print('获取所有失败用例及其报错信息...')
- root = ET.fromstring(xml)
- fail_cases = []
- for case in root.iter('test'):
- status = case.find('status')
- if status.get('status') == "FAIL":
- fail_cases.append({"case": case.get('name'), "message": truncate_text(status.text)})
- print('Done.')
- return fail_cases
- def package_dingtalk_text(stat: dict) -> dict:
- print("组装钉钉通知信息主体...")
- # 项目页面地址
- job_url = url_prefix + stat['job'] + '/'
- # 本次构建ID以及详情页面地址
- build_id = stat['build_id']
- build_url = job_url + build_id + '/'
- # 统计信息
- summary_text = f"用例总数:{stat['total']},失败用例数:{stat['failed']}, 通过率:{stat['pass_rate']}\n"
- # 用例报错详情
- case_error_details = ""
- num = 1 # 序号
- if len(stat['fail_cases']) > 0:
- for case in stat['fail_cases']:
- case_error_details = case_error_details + f"{num}. 用例名称: {case['case']}, 失败原因: {case['message']}\n"
- num += 1
- print("Done.")
- return {
- "server_show_name": server_show_name,
- "job_show_name": job_show_name,
- "job_url": job_url,
- "build_id": build_id,
- "build_url": build_url,
- "summary_text": summary_text,
- "case_error_details": case_error_details
- }
- def ding_talk(message=None):
- """
- 目前只支持markdown语法的子集, 参考官方文档: https://developers.dingtalk.com/document/app/custom-robot-access
- """
- print("推送钉钉消息通知...")
- webhook = "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=1048af6c9a25ea5e924ae328c6782b68c48a40bcea773df96eadce783f2941ca"
- headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json", "Charset": "UTF-8"}
- payload = {
- "msgtype": "markdown",
- "markdown": {
- "title":
- "心跳测试",
- "text":
- f"# [[{message['server_show_name']}] 心跳测试-{message['job_show_name']}]({message['job_url']})\n***\n>*失败用例会自动重复执行一次, 若仍然失败, 则标记为失败*\n***\n- 任务:#[{message['build_id']}]({message['build_url']})\n- 状态:失败\n- 统计信息:{message['summary_text']}\n - 失败用例报错详情:\n\n{message['case_error_details']}\n"
- },
- "at": {
- "isAtAll": True
- }
- }
- resp = requests.post(webhook, json=payload, headers=headers)
- print(resp.text)
- print("Done.")
- return res
复制代码 Jenkins+JMeter项目
前两步是共同的,也是通过解析result.jtl文件提取需要的数据,直接贴代码:
- def fetch(xml_name=None, save_file=False) -> str:
- xml_name = xml_name if xml_name else "result.jtl"
- url = url_prefix + f"{name}/{id}" + f"/artifact/{name}result/{xml_name}"
- print(url)
- resp = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(jenkins_user.encode('utf-8'), jenkins_token.encode('utf-8')))
- status_code = resp.status_code
- if status_code == 200:
- resp.encoding = 'utf-8'
- xml = resp.text
- if save_file:
- save(xml, f"{server}_{name}_{id}_{xml_name}")
- return xml
- elif status_code == 404:
- print(f"{status_code}, 指定的测试报告不存在, 可能已被删除, 请去服务器上检查")
- raise Exception("{status_code}, 指定的测试报告不存在, 可能已被删除, 请去服务器上检查")
- elif status_code == 500:
- print(f"获取测试报告失败, 详情: {status_code} >> {resp.text}")
- raise Exception(f"获取测试报告失败, 详情: {status_code} >> {resp.text}")
- else:
- return None
- def parse(xml):
- """分析xml测试报告, 提取数据"""
- result = {}
- try:
- root = ET.fromstring(xml)
- except ParseError:
- raise ParseError("解析XML文件失败, 请检查服务器上文件是否存在")
- # 获取统计信息
- samples = root.findall('httpSample')
- failures = [sample for sample in samples if sample.get('s') == "false"]
- failures_cnt = len(failures)
- success = [sample for sample in samples if sample.get('s') == "true"]
- success_cnt = len(success)
- is_success = True if failures_cnt == 0 else False
- success_rate = "100%" if is_success else str(round((success_cnt / len(samples)) * 100, 2)) + "%"
- result['summary'] = {"samples": len(samples), "is_success": is_success, "failures_cnt": failures_cnt, "success_rate": success_rate}
- # 数据清洗, 获取失败用例的报错信息
- fail_details = []
- if failures_cnt > 0:
- pat = re.compile(".*R-TraceId:(.*?)\n.*", re.DOTALL)
- for sample in failures:
- msg = []
- for res in sample.findall('assertionResult'):
- for child in res:
- if child.tag in ("failure", "error") and child.text == "true":
- try:
- msg.append(res.find('failureMessage').text) # ?这个节点可能会不存在
- except AttributeError:
- msg.append("")
- response_header = sample.find('responseHeader').text
- try:
- traceid = pat.match(response_header).group(1).strip()
- except AttributeError:
- traceid = None
- response_data = sample.find('responseData').text.replace('\r\n', '')
- fail_details.append({
- 'sample': sample.get('lb'),
- "traceid": traceid,
- 'data': truncate_text(response_data),
- 'msg': truncate_text(",".join(msg))
- })
- result['fail_samples'] = fail_details
- result.update({
- "server": server,
- 'job': name,
- 'build_id': id,
- })
- return result
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