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发表于 2018-4-11 15:00:08
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-a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers) # -a 显示当前系统的
所有镜像,包括过渡层镜像,默认 docker images 显示最终镜像,不包括过渡层镜像 -f, --filter=[] Provi
de filter values (i.e. 'dangling=true') --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
示例:
$ sudo docker images # 显示当前系统镜像,不包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images -a # 显示当前系
统所有镜像,包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images ubuntu # 显示当前系统 docker ubuntu 库中的所有
镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu 12.04 ebe4be4dd427 4 weeks ago 210.6 MB
ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB
ubuntu 14.04-ssh 6334d3ac099a 7 weeks ago 383.2 MB
4.6 docker rmi
删除一个或者多个镜像
$ sudo docker rmi --help
Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images
-f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 强制移除镜像不管是否有容器使用该镜像 --no-prune=false
Do not delete untagged parents # 不要删除未标记的父镜像
4.7 docker run
$ sudo docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr.
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 设置 cpu 使用权重 --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 写入到指定文件 --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allo
w execution (0-3, 0,1) # cpu 绑定 -d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, p
rint new container id # 后台运行容器 --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/s
dc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 设置 dns --dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domai
ns # 设置 dns 域搜索 -e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定义环境变量 --entrypoint="" Overwrite t
he default entrypoint of the image # ? --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 从指定文
件读取变量值 --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host # 指定对外
提供服务端口 -h, --hostname="" Container host name # 设置容器主机名 -i, --interactive=false Keep stdin
open even if not attached # 保持标准输出开启即使没有 attached --link=[] Add link to another container (
name:alias) # 添加链接到另外一个容器 --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-c
onf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>,
where unit = b, k, m or g) # 内存限制 --name="" Assign a name to the container # 设置容器名 --net="br
idge" Set the Network mode for the container # 设置容器网络模式 'bridge': creates a new network stack f
or the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:<name|id>': reus
es another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host
mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered in
secure.
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自动映射容器对外提供服务的端口
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host # 指定端口映射 format: ip:hostPort:contai
nerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping) --privile
ged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的权限给容器 --restart="" Restart policy t
o apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the c
ontainer when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 如果容器退出自动移除和 -d 选项冲突 --security-opt=[] S
ecurity Options
--sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied.
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配伪终端 -u, --user="" Username or UID # 指定运行容器的用户
uid 或者用户名 -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from do
cker: -v /container) # 挂载卷 --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 从指定
容器挂载卷 -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工作目录
示例:
$ sudo docker images ubuntu
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB
... ... $ sudo docker run -t -i -c 100 -m 512MB -h test1 -d --name="docker_test1" ubuntu /bin/bash # 创
建一个 cpu 优先级为 100,内存限制 512MB,主机名为 test1,名为 docker_test1 后台运行 bash 的容器
a424ca613c9f2247cd3ede95adfbaf8d28400cbcb1d5f9b69a7b56f97b2b52e5 $ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a424ca613c9f ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds docker_test1
$ sudo docker attach docker_test1
root@test1:/# pwd /
root@test1:/# exit exit
关于cpu优先级:
By default all groups have 1024 shares. A group with 100 shares will get a ~10% portion of the CPU time
-archlinux cgroups
4.8 docker start|stop|kill... ...
dockerstart|stop|kill|restart|pause|unpause|rm|commit|inspect|logs
docker start CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 运行一个或多个停止的容器
docker stop CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 停掉一个或多个运行的容器-t选项可指定超时时间
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 默认 kill 发送 SIGKILL 信号-s可以指定发送 kill 信号类型
docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 重启一个或多个运行的容器-t选项可指定超时时间
docker pause CONTAINER
# 暂停一个容器,方便 commit
docker unpause CONTAINER
# 继续暂停的容器
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
# 移除一个或多个容器
-f, --force=false Force removal of running container
-l, --link=false Remove the specified link and not the underlying container
-v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the container
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
# 提交指定容器为镜像
-a, --author="" Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith hannibal@a-team.com")
-m, --message="" Commit message
-p, --pause=true Pause container during commit
# 默认 commit 是暂停状态
docker inspect CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...]
# 查看容器或者镜像的详细信息
docker logs CONTAINER
# 输出指定容器日志信息
-f, --follow=false Follow log output
# 类似 tail -f
-t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps
--tail="all" Output the specified number of lines at the end of logs (defaults to all logs)
参考文档:Docker Run Reference
4.9 Docker 1.3 新增特性和命令
Digital Signature Verification
Docker 1.3 版本将使用数字签名自动验证所有官方库的来源和完整性,如果一个官方镜像被篡改或者被破坏,
目前 Docker 只会对这种情况发出警告而并不阻止容器的运行。
Inject new processes withdocker exec
docker exec --help
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...] Run a command in an existing container
-d, --detach=false Detached mode: run command in the background
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
为了简化调试,可以使用docker exec命令通过 Docker API 和 CLI 在运行的容器上运行程序。
$ docker exec -it ubuntu_bash bash
上例将在容器 ubuntu_bash 中创建一个新的 Bash 会话。
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