selenium 入门学习 (一)

海鸥一飞

     一、创建maven工程
     在pom.xml依赖中添加selenium的jar包：

1. <dependency>
   
2.     <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
   
3.     <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
   
4.     <version>2.53.1</version>
   
5. </dependency>

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    二、创建第一个seleniumTest类：

1. import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
   
2. import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
   
3. public class SeleniumTest {
   
4.     public static void main(String[] args) {
   
5.         WebDriver webdriver = new ChromeDriver();
   
6.         webdriver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
   
7.     }
   
8. }

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     启动测试报错：

1. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.chrome.driver system property; for more information, see https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver. The latest version can be downloaded from http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
   
2.     at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:199)
   
3.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.findExecutable(DriverService.java:109)
   
4.     at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService.access$000(ChromeDriverService.java:32)
   
5.     at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService$Builder.findDefaultExecutable(ChromeDriverService.java:137)
   
6.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder.build(DriverService.java:296)
   
7.     at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService(ChromeDriverService.java:88)
   
8.     at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:116)
   
9.     at com.pingan.csj.SeleniumTest.main(SeleniumTest.java:8)

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    报错原因：没有找到chromeWebDriver,下载webDriver放到工程文件下（下载地址：
https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads）  

     代码中增加设置WebDriver路径

1. import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
   
2. import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
   
3. public class SeleniumTest {
   
4.     public static void main(String[] args) {
   
5.                 //配置webDriver路径
   
6.         System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\workspace-ta\\csj\\src\\main\\resources\\driver\\chromedriver.exe");
   
7.         WebDriver webdriver = new ChromeDriver();
   
8.         webdriver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
   
9.     }
   
10. }

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      重新执行；
       启动后报错如下：

1. Starting ChromeDriver 2.22.397933 (1cab651507b88dec79b2b2a22d1943c01833cc1b) on port 39480
   
2. Only local connections are allowed.
   
3. Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: session not created exception
   
4. from unknown error: Runtime.executionContextCreated has invalid 'context': {"auxData":{"frameId":"103372.1","isDefault":true},"id":1,"name":"","origin":"://"}
   
5.   (Session info: chrome=59.0.3071.115)
   
6.   (Driver info: chromedriver=2.22.397933 (1cab651507b88dec79b2b2a22d1943c01833cc1b),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7601 SP1 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
   
7. Command duration or timeout: 3.83 seconds
   
8. Build info: version: '2.53.1', revision: 'a36b8b1cd5757287168e54b817830adce9b0158d', time: '2016-06-30 19:26:09'
   
9. System info: host: 'PAFSH-D0564', ip: '10.28.81.85', os.name: 'Windows 7', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.1', java.version: '1.7.0_80'
   
10. Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
    
11.     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    
12.     at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
    
13.     at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    
14.     at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
    
15.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:206)
    
16.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:158)
    
17.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:678)
    
18.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:249)
    
19.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:131)
    
20.     at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:144)
    
21.     at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:170)
    
22.     at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:159)
    
23.     at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:116)
    
24.     at com.pingan.csj.SeleniumTest.main(SeleniumTest.java:12)

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     报错原因：webDriver和chrome版本不匹配;报错session不能创建一般都是这个原因；找到匹配版
本替换webdriver；重新执行；执行成功
      三、对代码进行部分优化

1. import java.io.File;
   
2. import java.io.IOException;
   
3. import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
   
4. 
   
5. import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
   
6. import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
   
7. 
   
8. public class SeleniumTest {
   
9.     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
   
10.         // 通过查找当前路径返回一个规范化路径，这样可以把工程放到不同地方执行了
    
11.         String driverPath = new File("./").getCanonicalPath() + "/src/main/resources/driver/chromedriver.exe";
    
12.         System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", driverPath);
    
13.         WebDriver webDriver = new ChromeDriver();
    
14.         webDriver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
    
15.         webDriver.close();
    
16.     }
    
17. }

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梦想家