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签到天数: 1050 天 连续签到: 1 天 [LV.10]测试总司令
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一、鼠标操作
鼠标是通过底层接口执行的,需要调用ActionChains对象来执行对应的方法。
1.1 鼠标操作实现方式
在selenium中将操作鼠标的方法封装在ActionChains类中,实例化对象action=ActionChains(driver)
context_click(element) 右击 --> 模拟鼠标右键点击效果
double_click(element) 双击 --> 模拟鼠标双击效果
drag_and_drop(source, target) 拖动 --> 模拟鼠标拖动效果
move_to_element(element) 悬停 --> 模拟鼠标悬停效果
perform() 执行 --> 此方法用来执行以上所有鼠标操作
selenium提供鼠标操作的方法及步骤:
·需要导入ActionChains类
· 通过ActionChains实例化鼠标对象 action = ActionChains(driver) # driver表示的是浏览器驱动对象
· 调用鼠标的事件方法
· 调用鼠标的执行方法 action.perform()
1.2 clickAndHold单击(不释放)
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver') as driver:
# 打开本地文件中的html文件
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/action.html')
# click_and_hold 点击且不松开
div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@onmousedown="mDown(this)"]')
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(div).perform()
time.sleep(2)
1.3context_click单击
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
url = r'http://www.baidu.com'
dr.get(url)
ipt = dr.find_element_by_id('kw')
action = ActionChains(dr)
action.context_click(ipt) # 在输入框中右键操作
action.perform()
time.sleep(3)
dr.quit()
1.4 double_click双击
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver') as driver:
# 打开本地文件中的html文件
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/action.html')
# double_click 双击
button = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//button[@ondblclick]')
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(button).perform()
time.sleep(2)
1.5 drag_and_drop拖动
此方法首先在源元素上单击并按住,然后移动到目标元素的位置后释放鼠标.
调用鼠标拖动事件方法 action.drag_and_drop(source, target) # source表示的是源元素,被拖动的元素, target表示是目标源,也就是要拖动到哪个元素上。
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver') as driver:
# 打开本地文件中的html文件
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/action.html')
div1 = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')
div2 = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(div1, div2).perform()
time.sleep(3)
1.6 move_to_element悬停
此方法将鼠标移到元素的中间. 执行此操作时, 该元素也会滚动到视图中(悬停)
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver') as driver:
# 打开本地文件中的html文件
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/action.html')
# move_to_element
div = WebDriverWait(driver,timeout=3).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(('xpath','//div[@onmouseover="mOver(this)"]')))
# 移动到
# action=webdriver.ActionChains(driver)
# action.move_to_element(div).perform()
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(div).perform()
time.sleep(2)
1.7 drag_and_drop_by_offset单元素拖动
action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(element, x, y) x, y 表示的元素拖动时横向和纵向移动的距离,单位为像素, element表示的是元素对象 移动的像素最终要比在[url=]web[/url]页面中看到的移动像素值要大,最好大于5个像素或者10像素
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
dr = webdriver.Chrome()
url =
r'file:///C:/Users/tang/Desktop/pagetest/%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81%E7%A0%81/index.html'
dr.get(url)
h = dr.find_element_by_css_selector('.handler')
action = ActionChains(dr)
action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(h, 260, 0) # 单元素拖拽 滑动验证
action.perform()
time.sleep(5)
dr.quit()
1.8 moveByOffset:
此方法将鼠标从其当前位置(或0,0)移动给定的偏移量. 如果坐标在视图窗口之外, 则鼠标最终将在浏览器窗口之外.
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver') as driver:
# 打开本地文件中的html文件
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/action.html')
# 移开 move_by_offset
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=500,yoffset=500).perform()
time.sleep(2)
1.9 release(释放)
此操作将释放按下的鼠标左键. 如果WebElement转移了, 它将释放给定WebElement上按下的鼠标左键
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver') as driver:
# 打开本地文件中的html文件
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/action.html')
# release 松开鼠标
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release(div).perform()
time.sleep(2)
1.10鼠标链式操作
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
with webdriver.Chrome() as driver:
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/action.html')
# 创建一个动作链
action=webdriver.ActionChains(driver)
# move_to_element
div1 = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(
EC.visibility_of_element_located(('xpath', '//div[@onmouseover="mOver(this)"]')))
# 指定等待时间为2s
action.move_to_element(div1).pause(2)
# 移开 move_by_offset
action.move_by_offset(xoffset=500, yoffset=500).pause(2)
# click_and_hold 点击且不松开
div2 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@onmousedown="mDown(this)"]')
action.click_and_hold(div2).pause(2)
# release 松开鼠标
action.release(div2).pause(2)
# 执行动作链
action.perform()
# 以上代码可重合在一起执行
action.move_to_element(div1).pause(2).move_by_offset(xoffset=500, yoffset=500).pause(2).click_and_hold(div2).pause(2).release(div2).pause(2).perform()
二、执行js代码
selenium执行js有几个方法,通常使用 execute_script方法。
2.1 页面滚动指定距离
import time
from selenium import webdriver
with webdriver.Chrome() as driver:
driver.get('https://image.baidu.com/search/index?tn=baiduimage&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&ie=gb18030&word=%CD%BC%C6%AC&fr=ala&ala=1&alatpl=adress&pos=0&hs=2&xthttps=111111')
# 滚动100px 100表示滚动条距离页面顶部100像素 0是x方向,100是y方向
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,100)")
time.sleep(1)
# 200表示滚动条距离页面顶部200像素
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,200)")
time.sleep(1)
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,300)")
time.sleep(3)
# 移动到底部
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)")
time.sleep(3)
# 移动到顶部
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0,0)")
time.sleep(3)
2.2 页面滚动至指定位置
执行js时,可以传递参数给js脚本。
案例:打开页面,滚动到指定的元素可见。
import time
from selenium import webdriver
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver') as driver:
driver.get('file:///Users/superfan/工作/myproject/study/po/scroll.html')
time.sleep(2)
div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div')
# 移动到元素的底端与当前窗口的底部对齐
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(false);", div)
# arguments[0]表示传入第一个值div,arguments[1]表示传入第一个值div2,
# driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(false);alert(arguments[1]);", div,1)
time.sleep(2)
# 移动到元素的顶端与当前窗口的顶端对齐
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", div)
time.sleep(2)
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