ScalaInAction测试——静态测试 - 51Testing软件测试论坛

首先，我们需要了解如何测试发送和接受消息，包括发送然后不管的模式以及发送之后等待回复的交互式模式。
使用的是 Scala 的测试框架 [ScalaTest]。这个框架被设计成可读性性很高。
使用这个工具可以生成可读性很强的测试报告。当然 Akka 也为我们提供了测试工具 akka-test，如果没有这个工具，
我们将面临相比与正常对象更加困难的测试环境。主要有下面四个原因：

下面主要从两个方面演示如何利用 akka-testkit + ScalaTest 作测试：

name := "testdriven" #名字随意取，项目名称
version := "0.1-SNAPSHOT"
organization := "com.manning" #公司域名倒过来写，最后可以加入部门简称
scalaVersion := "2.11.7"
libraryDependencies ++= {
val akkaVersion = "2.3.12"
Seq(
"com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-actor" % akkaVersion, #注意两个 %% 号的用法基本类
"com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-slf4j" % akkaVersion, #日志类
"com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-testkit" % akkaVersion % "test", #最后一个 %指定使用范围
"org.scalatest" %% "scalatest" % "2.2.4" % "test"
)
}

复制代码

package packagename
import org.scalatest.WordSpecLike
import org.scalatest.MustMatchers
import akka.testkit.{ TestActorRef, TestKit }
import akka.actor._
package silenttest {
class SilentActorTest extends TestKit(ActorSystem("testsystem"))
with WordSpecLike
with MustMatchers
with StopSystemAfterAll {
"A Silent Actor" must {
"change internal state when it receives a message, single" in {
import SilentActor._
// 利用TestActorRef 直接生成可以访问实际 Actor 对象的 Actor
val silentActor = TestActorRef[SilentActor]
silentActor ! SilentMessage("whisper")
// 静态的测试方法，直接访问actor的内部对象
silentActor.underlyingActor.state must (contain("whisper"))
}
//<end id="ch02-silentactor-test02"/>
}
}
object SilentActor {
case class SilentMessage(data: String)
case class GetState(receiver: ActorRef)
}
class SilentActor extends Actor {
import SilentActor._
var internalState = Vector[String]()
def receive = {
case SilentMessage(data) =>
internalState = internalState :+ data
}
def state = internalState
}
}
//通用类，目的是及时关闭所有Actor
package common {
import akka.testkit.TestKit
import org.scalatest.{Suite, BeforeAndAfterAll}
trait StopSystemAfterAll extends BeforeAndAfterAll{
//注意这种混入手法
this: TestKit with Suite =>
override protected def afterAll(): Unit = {
super.afterAll()
system.shutdown()
}
}
}

复制代码

package silentactor03 {
class SilentActorTest extends TestKit(ActorSystem("testsystem"))
with WordSpecLike
with MustMatchers
with StopSystemAfterAll {
"A Silent Actor" must {
"change internal state when it receives a message, multi" in {
import SilentActor._
val silentActor = system.actorOf(Props[SilentActor], "s3")
silentActor ! SilentMessage("whisper1")
silentActor ! SilentMessage("whisper2")
//通过发送消息获取内部状态
silentActor ! GetState(testActor)
expectMsg(Vector("whisper1", "whisper2"))
}
}
}
object SilentActor {
case class SilentMessage(data: String)
case class GetState(receiver: ActorRef)
}
class SilentActor extends Actor {
import SilentActor._
var internalState = Vector[String]()
def receive = {
case SilentMessage(data) =>
internalState = internalState :+ data
case GetState(receiver) => receiver ! internalState
}
}
}

复制代码