一、MySQL Fabric高可用集群中一台数据库崩溃了,不影响数据的完整性
1.测试前准备
a) 查看group_id-1集群组的服务器状态
mysqlfabric group lookup_servers group_id-1 |
返回结果:
Command : { success = True return = [{'status': 'PRIMARY', 'server_uuid': '7a45f71d-7934-11e4-9e8c-782bcb74823a', 'mode': 'READ_WRITE', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.71:3306'}, {'status': 'SECONDARY', 'server_uuid': '9cf162ca-7934-11e4-9e8d-782bcb1b6b98','mode': 'READ_ONLY', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.76:3306'}, {'status': 'SECONDARY', 'server_uuid': 'ae94200b-7932-11e4-9e81-a4badb30e16b', 'mode': 'READ_ONLY', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.70:3306'}] activities =} |
此时primary机为机器:192.168.1.71:3306,group_id-1集群组正常
b) 查看group_id-1集群组中的数据
mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -e "select * from test.subscribers" mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.71 -u root -e "select * from test.subscribers" mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.70 -u root -e "select * from test.subscribers" 返回结果如下: +--------+------------+-----------+ | sub_no | first_name | last_name | +--------+------------+-----------+ | 500 | Billy | Joel | | 1500 | Arthur | Askey | | 5000 | Billy | Fish | | 17542 | Bobby | Ball | | 22 | Billy | Bob | | 8372 | Banana | Man | | 93846 | Bill | Ben | | 15050 | John | Smith | +--------+------------+-----------+ |
c) 利用python接口查看数据库test的数据表subscribers分片后的全部数据
python read_table_ha.py |
返回结果如下:
(u'Billy', u'Bob') (u'Billy', u'Fish') (u'Billy', u'Joel') (u'Arthur', u'Askey') (u'Banana', u'Man') (u'Billy', u'Fish') (u'Bill', u'Ben') (u'Jimmy', u'White') (u'John', u'Smith') (u'Bobby', u'Ball') |
2.开始测试
a) 激活故障自动切换
即使Fabric选出了master角色,但当这个master角色宕机时,fanric不会自动将secondary角色切换为master角色,所以需要将HA集群组的配置改为自动切换角色
mysqlfabric group activate group_id-1 |
b) 停止group_id-1组中的master角色,即数据库实例192.168.1.71:3306,再查看fabric的状态
mysqlfabric group lookup_servers group_id-1 |
返回结果:
Command : { success = True return = [{'status': 'FAULTY', 'server_uuid': '7a45f71d-7934-11e4-9e8c-782bcb74823a', 'mode': 'READ_WRITE', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.71:3306'}, {'status': 'SECONDARY', 'server_uuid': '9cf162ca-7934-11e4-9e8d-782bcb1b6b98', 'mode': 'READ_ONLY', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.76:3306'}, {'status': 'PRIMARY', 'server_uuid': 'ae94200b-7932-11e4-9e81-a4badb30e16b', 'mode': 'READ_WRITE', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.70:3306'}] activities =} |
其中,数据库实例192.168.1.71:3306的状态为FAULTY,mysql fabric自动检测到了HA组的故障,并自动选举了slave角色为primary角色
c) 查看group_id-1集群组中的数据
mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -e "select * from test.subscribers" mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.70 -u root -e "select * from test.subscribers" |
返回结果:
+--------+------------+-----------+ | sub_no | first_name | last_name | +--------+------------+-----------+ | 500 | Billy | Joel | | 1500 | Arthur | Askey | | 5000 | Billy | Fish | | 17542 | Bobby | Ball | | 22 | Billy | Bob | | 8372 | Banana | Man | | 93846 | Bill | Ben | | 15050 | John | Smith | +--------+------------+-----------+ |
d) 利用python接口查看数据库test的数据表subscribers分片后的全部数据
python read_table_ha.py |
返回结果:
(u'Billy', u'Bob') (u'Billy', u'Fish') (u'Billy', u'Joel') (u'Arthur', u'Askey') (u'Banana', u'Man') (u'Billy', u'Fish') (u'Bill', u'Ben') (u'Jimmy', u'White') (u'John', u'Smith') (u'Bobby', u'Ball') |
结论:由以上测试返回数据表明,当HA组(group_id-1)中的master角色崩溃,mysql fabric会自动选举一个slave角色为master,并可正常查询原来的数据,因此当mysql fabric高可用集群中某一台数据库崩溃掉,并不影响数据的完整性
PS:手工恢复FAULT状态的数据库实例
mysql fabric高可用集群中的服务器状态有四种:primary、secondary、faulty、spare
关闭primary,primary不能从组中移除,需要使用mysqlfabric group demote group_id-1来关闭组中的primary,不会重新选举一个新的master,同时也不会关闭故障检测
a) 当其中的一个数据库实例崩溃,可以将这个数据库实例从组中删除,启动这个数据库实例后再重新添加,例如:
mysqlfabric group remove group_id-1 7a45f71d-7934-11e4-9e8c-782bcb74823a mysqlfabric group add group_id-1 192.168.1.71:3306 mysqlfabric group lookup_servers group_id-1 |
返回结果:
Command : { success = Truereturn = [{'status': 'SECONDARY', 'server_uuid': '7a45f71d-7934-11e4-9e8c-782bcb74823a', 'mode': 'READ_ONLY','weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.71:3306'}, {'status': 'SECONDARY', 'server_uuid': '9cf162ca-7934-11e4-9e8d-782bcb1b6b98', 'mode': 'READ_ONLY', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.76:3306'}, {'status': 'PRIMARY', 'server_uuid': 'ae94200b-7932-11e4-9e81-a4badb30e16b','mode': 'READ_WRITE', 'weight': 1.0, 'address': '192.168.1.70:3306'}] activities =} |
b) 当HA组中全部的服务器宕机,实例重启后,fabric的状态不会自动恢复,需要先执行命令:mysqlfabric group demote group_id-1,因为不能直接修改server的状态由faulty为secondary,需要将状态修改为spare,在改为secondary,如下:
mysqlfabric group demote group_id-1 mysqlfabric group deactivate group_id-1 mysqlfabric server set_status 7a45f71d-7934-11e4-9e8c-782bcb74823a spare mysqlfabric server set_status 7a45f71d-7934-11e4-9e8c-782bcb74823a secondary |
###当所有的数据库实例都为secondary状态时,可选举master角色,命令如下:
mysqlfabric group promote group_id-1 |
二、MySQL Fabric高可用集群存储均衡
1.测试前准备
a) 测试脚本
cat test_add_subs_shards.py import mysql.connector from mysql.connector import fabric import math def add_subscriber(conn, sub_no, first_name, last_name): conn.set_property(tables=["test.subscribers"], key=sub_no, \ mode=fabric.MODE_READWRITE) cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute( "INSERT INTO subscribers VALUES (%s, %s, %s)", (sub_no, first_name, last_name) ) conn = mysql.connector.connect( fabric={"host" : "localhost", "port" : 32274, "username": "admin", \ "password" : "admin"}, user="root", database="test", password="", autocommit=True ) conn.set_property(tables=["test.subscribers"], scope=fabric.SCOPE_LOCAL) for num in range(10): add_subscriber(conn, "%s" % num, "k%s" % num, "kw%s" % num) |
2.开始hash分片测试
a)插入10条记录,当group_id-1组的三台服务器正常,group_id-2组只有一台服务器正常运作时,
group_id-1组的数据如下:
b) 测试插入1万条记录,group_id-1组和group_id-2组都有三台服务器正常运作
分片后,group_id-1组插入的数据行数如下:
mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.70 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 7138 | +----------+ |
分片后,group_id-2组插入的数据行数如下:
mysql -P 3309 -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 2903 | +----------+ |
c) 测试插入10万条记录,group_id-1组和group_id-2组都有三台服务器正常运作
分片后,group_id-1组插入的数据行数如下:
mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.70 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 78719 | +----------+ mysql -P 3309 -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 31321 | +----------+ |
d) 测试插入100万条记录,group_id-1组和group_id-2组都有三台服务器正常运作
分片后,group_id-1组插入的数据行数如下:
mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.70 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 794287 | +----------+ |
分片后,group_id-2组插入的数据行数如下:
mysql -P 3309 -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 315752 | +----------+ |
添加一个新HA组(group_id-3),对HA组(group_id-1)进行分片,操作如下:
a) 在机器:192.168.1.71 192.168.1.76 192.168.1.230上各起一个数据库实例,添加为组group_id-3
mysqlfabric group add group_id-3 192.168.1.71:3313 mysqlfabric group add group_id-3 192.168.1.76:3315 mysqlfabric group add group_id-3 192.168.1.230:3317 |
选举primary角色
mysqlfabric group promote group_id-3 |
b) 重置HA组group_id-3所有的数据库实例
mysql -P 3313 -h 192.168.1.71 -u root -e "reset master" mysql -P 3315 -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -e "reset master" mysql -P 3317 -h 192.168.1.230 -u root -e "reset master" |
c) 查看HA组(group_id-1)的shard_id值,在储存机查看fabric数据库
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P3306 -u root -e 'select * from fabric.shards' |
返回结果:
+----------+------------+---------+ | shard_id | group_id | state | +----------+------------+---------+ | 4 | group_id-1 | ENABLED | | 5 | group_id-2 | ENABLED | +----------+------------+---------+ |
d) 对HA组(group_id-1)进行分片分离,将
mysqlfabric sharding split_shard 4 group_id-3 |
ps:如果这里执行分片不成功,错误如下:
Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'could not find next log; the first event '' at 4, the last event read from './binlog.000003' at 621, the last byte read from './binlog.000003' at 621.' |
解决方法:
将master角色的数据dump出来,如下:
mysqldump -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -P3315 --all-databases --flush-privileges --single-transaction --flush-logs --triggers --routines --events --hex-blob >/data/database/full_backup_master.sql |
停掉slave机
mysql -P 3317 -h 192.168.1.230 -u root -e "stop slave" mysql -P 3317 -h 192.168.1.230 -u root -e "reset master" mysql -P 3317 -h 192.168.1.230 -u root </data/full_backup_master.sql mysql -P 3317 -h 192.168.1.230 -u root -e "start slave" |
再次执行分片,会报以下错误:
Procedure : { uuid = 4da230c2-31c3-4242-bd88-ccafd51bfac1, finished = True, success = False, return = BackupError: ('Error while restoring the backup using the mysql client\n, %s', "ERROR 1840 (HY000) at line 24 in file: 'MySQL_192.168.1.76_3306.sql': @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED can only be set when @@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED is empty.\n"), activities =} |
解决方法:
在HA组(group_id-3)的全部数据库实例上执行“reset master”,再分片即可
e) 现在HA组有group_id-1、group_id-2、group_id-3,尝试插入100条记录
group_id-1的插入的数据行数有:
mysql -P 3306 -h 192.168.1.70 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers where sub_no between 20000 and 20100" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 70 | +----------+ |
group_id-2、group_id-3的插入的数据行数有:
mysql -P 3309 -h 192.168.1.76 -u root -e "select count(*) from test.subscribers where sub_no between 20000 and 20100" mysql -P 3313 -h 192.168.1.230 -u root -e "select count(*)from test.subscribers where sub_no between 20000 and 20100" |
返回结果:
+----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 30 | +----------+ |
用select语句可知,HA组group_id-2、group_id-3插入的数据是一样的
3.hash分片测试结论
在插入1万条记录时,HA组(group_id-1)插入了7138条记录,HA组(group_id-2)插入了2903条记录
在插入10万条记录时,HA组(group_id-1)插入了78719条记录,HA组(group_id-2)插入了31321条记录
在插入100万条记录时,HA组(group_id-1)插入了794287条记录,HA组(group_id-2)插入了315752条记录
因此,对mysql fabric高集群进行hash分片后,分片比例为7:3,负载并不是十分均衡
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