EXCEL转换为XML如何用Python实现？
本文将结合作者项目实践，介绍如何将EXCEL文件通过python转换为XML，以方便导入到Testlink中（Testlink仅支持XML文件的导入），并且顺便介绍一下Python常见的错误及解决方案。希望对大家有所帮助。声明：文中转换工具涉及的代码是借鉴了其他帖子上的一部代码，结合本文作者项目的实际情况，编写而成，原始出处已经不得而知，如有雷同，不是巧合。
1 输出EXCEL格式的测试用例文件
1.1 测试用例使用如下模板输出，保存为XXX.xlsx文件，例如命名case.xlsx
1.2 部分字段解释：
1.2.1 功能点
一般EXCEL文件的一个Sheet页代表一个模块，在一个模块内部分为多个功能点，通过一个或多个测试用例对每个功能点进行一一覆盖。功能点字段就是对模块进行结构化划分的。
1.2.2 测试方式
该字段用以标识测试方式，是手工测试还是自动化测试，方便日后识别哪些用例是自动化实现的用例
1.2.3 关键字
这个字段可以多种用途，例如用于识别产品形态，识别用例输出版本，或者用于识别质量属性，都是可以的。作者项目中，是用于识别质量属性的，例如功能测试、性能测试、易用性测试等等
1.2.4 重要性
填写P0/P1/P2，表示三个用例级别：高中低
1.2.5 设计人员
该字段是用来标识用例的作者的，用于方便可追溯性或用例维护。
2 安装Python 3
由于本文中的EXCEL转换为xml的工具是用python语言写的，所以，首先，需要安装python运行环境，本文中用的是3.6.2。
若已经安装了Python 3，则跳过此步骤。
2.1 下载安装python
Python3可以去网上免费下载安装，地址为：
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/python-3.6.2-amd64.exe
2.2 配置运行环境
安装完python后，配置环境变量
我的电脑-》属性-》高级系统设置-》高级-》环境变量，在用户变量部分，找到变量名为path的，点击编辑，新建，将Python安装目录及pip所在目录都添加到环境变量表中，此例中为:\Python3d6\Python36\和F:\Python3d6\Python36\Scripts\
具体的步骤在本文中就不赘述了，需要的可以自己去网上找。
2.3 调试python及pip
配置好环境变量后，就在CMD下，运行python和pip，安装py脚本中涉及的python库。
但是作者在调试过程中，曾经遇到了如下的几个问题，供大家参考：
2.3.1 错误一
现象：
Cmd命令行下，敲pip报错，敲python正常
具体信息如下：
C:\Users\Administrator>pip
Fatal error in launcher: Unable to create process using '"c:\python36\python3.exe""F:\Python3d6\Python36\Scripts\pip.exe" ': ???????????
C:\Users\Administrator>python3
Python 3.6.2 (v3.6.2:5fd33b5, Jul8 2017, 04:57:36) on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
前置条件：
1）Python安装目录为F:\Python3d6\Python36\
2）已经将F:\Python3d6\Python36\和F:\Python3d6\Python36\Scripts\配置到环境变量中
排查思路：
1、第一步
经初步判断，感觉是路径有问题
随后，将安装路径改为F:\Python36\，即将“Python3d6”这层文件夹去掉，并重新配置环境变量
现象：Cmd命令行下，敲python正常，敲pip仍然后报错
报错如下：
C:\Users\Administrator>pip install pywin32
Fatal error in launcher: Unable to create process using '"c:\python36\python3.exe""F:\Python36\Scripts\pip.exe" install pywin32': ???????????
2、第二步
排除环境变量配置问题：
cd到安装目录下，执行pip，仍然报错
具体报错信息如下：
F:\Python36\Scripts>pip install pywin32
Fatal error in launcher: Unable to create process using '"c:\python36\python3.exe""F:\Python36\Scripts\pip.exe" install pywin32': ???????????
3、第三步
尝试把python整个文件夹从F盘移动到C盘，然后修改好环境变量
执行pip，没有报错，问题搞定
打印信息如下：
C:\Users\Administrator>pip
Usage:
pip <command>
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
......
2.3.2 错误二
现象：
Python运行.py文件报错 ：NameError name 'reload' is not defined
相关代码：
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
原因：
setdefaultencoding是python 2的sys库里边的函数，Python 3 的 sys 库里面已经没有 setdefaultencoding() 函数，并且Python 3 系统默认使用的就是utf-8编码
解决方案：
将sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")代码整行去掉即可
2.3.3 错误三
现象：调用print函数出错
具体报错信息如下：
C:\Users\Administrator>python3 F:\case\operate.py
File "F:\case\operate.py", line 46
print 'str=', str
^
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'
原因：
python2.X版本与python3.X版本输出方式不同造成的
解决方案：
Print函数后面加上括号（）
1.1.1 Python2代码与Python3代码不兼容
其实将python代码用python3执行，很多问题都是由于python2版本和python版本代码不兼容导致的。
下面以实际的例子，介绍一种python2代码转换成python3代码的方法：
假设：python 2.X到python 3.X转换文件2to3.py的路径为C:\Python36\Tools\scripts
待转换的文件operate.py的路径为D:\python2to3
CMD下执行如下命令，即可将该python2文件转换为python3文件
python3 C:\Python36\Tools\scripts\2to3.py -wD:\python2to3\operate.py
出现如下打印说明转换过程成功C:\Users\Administrator>python3 C:\Python36\Tools\scripts\2to3.py -w D:\python2to3\operate.py
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: buffer
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: idioms
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: set_literal
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
RefactoringTool: Refactored D:\python2to3\operate.py
--- D:\python2to3\operate.py (original)
+++ D:\python2to3\operate.py (refactored)
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
# coding:utf-8
import os,re,xlrd
import sys
-reload(sys)
+import imp
+imp.reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
from easy_excel import easy_excel
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@
def actions_add_div(str):
if str:
new_action_str=""
- print 'str=', str
+ print('str=', str)
for str_index in str.split('\n'):
newline=str_index + "" + "</div>" + "<div>" + "" + "</p>" + "<p>"
new_action_str+=newline
@@ -122,16 +123,16 @@
if __name__ == "__main__":
- print os.path.abspath('.')
+ print(os.path.abspath('.'))
excellist=[]
#列出当前目录下的所有.xml文件
for fullname in iterbrowse(os.path.abspath('.')):
- print fullname
+ print(fullname)
obj1=re.compile(r'([\W\w]*)(\.xlsx)
)
for m in obj1.finditer(fullname):
- print m.group()
+ print(m.group())
excellist.append(m.group())
- print excellist
+ print(excellist)
for fileName in excellist:
fileName=fileName.split('\\')[-1]
file_data = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName)
@@ -139,12 +140,12 @@
sheetList=[]
for index in range(sheetnum):
sheet_name=file_data.sheets().name
- print sheet_name
+ print(sheet_name)
sheetList.append(sheet_name)
- print sheetList
+ print(sheetList)
for sheetName in sheetList:
test = operate(fileName, sheetName)
test.xlsx_to_dic(sheetName)
test.dic_to_xml(fileName, sheetName)
- print "Convert success!"
+ print("Convert success!")
os.system('pause')
RefactoringTool: Files that were modified:
RefactoringTool: D:\python2to3\operate.py
从日志中可以看出，转换过程中，对哪些行进行了修改一目了然
如果某python文件不需要转换，则会出现如下的打印：
C:\Users\Administrator>python3 C:\Python36\Tools\scripts\2to3.py -w D:\python2to3\operate.py
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: buffer
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: idioms
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: set_literal
RefactoringTool: Skipping optional fixer: ws_comma
RefactoringTool: No changes to D:\python2to3\operate.py
RefactoringTool: Files that need to be modified:
RefactoringTool: D:\python2to3\operate.py
3 将EXCEL转换为xml
安装好python库后，将用例表格与脚本放入同目录（脚本代码在文末），如下：
注意：用例表格的名称需用英文，不要含有中文
cd到表格和脚本所在目录，然后运行 operate.py 文件，打印如下：
D:\python2to3>python3 operate.py
D:\python2to3
D:\python2to3\case.xlsx
D:\python2to3\case.xlsx
D:\python2to3\easy_excel.py
D:\python2to3\easy_excel.py.bak
D:\python2to3\operate.py
D:\python2to3\operate.py.bak
D:\python2to3\__pycache__\easy_excel.cpython-36.pyc
['D:\\python2to3\\case.xlsx']
XX功能模块1
XX功能模块2
['XX功能模块1', 'XX功能模块2']
('str=', '1.步骤一\n2.步骤二\n3.步骤三')
('str=', '1.步骤一\n2.步骤二\n3.步骤三')
Convert success!
请按任意键继续. . .
转换成功，按照EXCEL的sheet页输出两个XML文件：case.xlsx_XX功能模块1.xml和case.xlsx_XX功能模块2.xml，可以用来导入到Testlink用例管理系统中
4 代码
4.1 easy_excel.py
# coding=utf-8
from xml.etree import ElementTree
from win32com.client import Dispatch
import win32com.client
import os
import sys
import imp
imp.reload(sys)
class easy_excel:
def __init__(self, filename=None):
self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('Excel.Application')
if filename:
self.filename = os.getcwd() + "\\" + filename
# self.xlApp.Visible=True
self.xlBook = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(self.filename)
else:
# self.xlApp.Visible=True
self.xlBook = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Add()
self.filename = ''
def save(self, newfilename=None):
if newfilename:
self.filename = os.getcwd() + "\\" + newfilename
# if os.path.exists(self.filename):
# os.remove(self.filename)
self.xlBook.SaveAs(self.filename)
else:
self.xlBook.Save()
def close(self):
self.xlBook.Close(SaveChanges=0)
self.xlApp.Quit()
def getCell(self, sheet, row, col):
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
return sht.Cells(row, col).Value
def setCell(self, sheet, row, col, value):
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
sht.Cells(row, col).Value = value
# 设置居中
sht.Cells(row, col).HorizontalAlignment = 3
sht.Rows(row).WrapText = True
def mergeCells(self, sheet, row1, col1, row2, col2):
start_coloum = int(dic_config["start_coloum"])
# 如果这列不存在就不合并单元格
if col2 != start_coloum - 1:
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
sht.Range(sht.Cells(row1, col1), sht.Cells(row2, col2)).Merge()
# else:
# print 'Merge cells coloum %s failed!' %col2
def setBorder(self, sheet, row, col):
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
sht.Cells(row, col).Borders.LineStyle = 1
def set_col_width(self, sheet, start, end, length):
start += 96
end += 96
msg = chr(start) + ":" + chr(end)
# print msg
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
sht.Columns(msg.upper()).ColumnWidth = length
4.2 operate.py
# coding:utf-8
import os,re,xlrd
import sys
import imp
imp.reload(sys)
from easy_excel import easy_excel
class operate():
def __init__(self, ExcelFileName, SheetName):
self.excelFile = ExcelFileName
self.excelSheet = SheetName
self.temp = easy_excel(self.excelFile)
self.dic_testlink = {}
self.row_flag = 2
self.testsuite = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, 2, 2)
#print 'self.testsuite=',self.testsuite
self.dic_testlink = {"node_order": "13", "details": "", "testcase": []}
self.content = ""
self.content_list = []
def xlsx_to_dic(self, SheetName):
while True:
testcase = {"name": "", "node_order": "100", "externalid": "", "version": "1", "summary": "",
"preconditions": "", "execution_type": "1", "importance": "3", "steps": [], "keywords": "P1", "author":""}
testcase["name"] = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 5)
testcase["summary"] = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 3)
testcase["preconditions"] = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 6)
execution_type = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 9)
testcase["keywords"] = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 10)
testcase["author"] = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 11)
if execution_type == "自动":
testcase["execution_type"] = 2
step_number = 1
importance = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 4)
if importance == "基本功能" or importance == "P1":
testcase["importance"]="2"
elif importance == "拓展" or importance == "P2":
testcase["importance"] = "1"
while True:
step = {"step_number": "", "actions": "", "expectedresults": "", "execution_type": ""}
step["step_number"] = step_number
step["actions"] = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 7)
def actions_add_div(str):
if str:
new_action_str=""
print(('str=', str))
for str_index in str.split('\n'):
newline=str_index + "" + "</div>" + "<div>" + "" + "</p>" + "<p>"
new_action_str+=newline
return new_action_str[:-21]
step["actions"]=actions_add_div(step["actions"])
step["expectedresults"] = self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 8)
testcase["steps"].append(step)
step_number += 1
self.row_flag += 1
if self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 1) is not None or self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 5) is None:
break
# print testcase
self.dic_testlink["testcase"].append(testcase)
# print self.row_flag
if self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag, 5) is None and self.temp.getCell(self.excelSheet, self.row_flag + 1, 5) is None:
break
self.temp.close()
# print self.dic_testlink
def content_to_xml(self, key, value=None):
if key == 'step_number' or key == 'execution_type' or key == 'node_order' or key == 'externalid' or key == 'version' or key == 'importance':
return "<" + str(key) + "><!]></" + str(key) + ">"
elif key == 'actions' or key == 'expectedresults' or key == 'summary' or key == 'preconditions':
return "<" + str(key) + "><!]></" + str(key) + ">"
elif key == 'keywords':
return '<keywords><keyword name="' + str(value) + '"><notes><!]></notes></keyword></keywords>'
elif key == 'name':
return '<testcase name="' + str(value) + '">'
elif key == 'author':
return '<custom_fields><custom_field><name><!]></name><value><!]></value></custom_field></custom_fields>' % str(value)
else:
return '##########'
def dic_to_xml(self, ExcelFileName, SheetName):
testcase_list = self.dic_testlink["testcase"]
for testcase in testcase_list:
for step in testcase["steps"]:
self.content += "<step>"
self.content += self.content_to_xml("step_number", step["step_number"])
self.content += self.content_to_xml("actions", step["actions"])
self.content += self.content_to_xml("expectedresults", step["expectedresults"])
self.content += self.content_to_xml("execution_type", step["execution_type"])
self.content += "</step>"
self.content = "<steps>" + self.content + "</steps>"
self.content = self.content_to_xml("importance", testcase["importance"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content_to_xml("execution_type", testcase["execution_type"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content_to_xml("preconditions", testcase["preconditions"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content_to_xml("summary", testcase["summary"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content_to_xml("version", testcase["version"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content_to_xml("externalid", testcase["externalid"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content_to_xml("node_order", testcase["node_order"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content + self.content_to_xml("keywords", testcase["keywords"])
self.content = self.content_to_xml("name", testcase["name"]) + self.content
self.content = self.content + self.content_to_xml("author", testcase["author"])
self.content = self.content + "</testcase>"
self.content_list.append(self.content)
self.content = ""
self.content = "".join(self.content_list)
self.content = '<testsuite name="' + self.testsuite + '">' + self.content + "</testsuite>"
self.content = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' + self.content
self.write_to_file(ExcelFileName, SheetName)
def write_to_file(self, ExcelFileName, SheetName):
xmlFileName = ExcelFileName + '_' + SheetName + '.xml'
cp = open(xmlFileName, "w")
cp.write(self.content)
cp.close()
#遍历某个文件目录下的所有文件名称
def iterbrowse(path):
for home, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for filename in files:
yield os.path.join(home, filename)
if __name__ == "__main__":
print((os.path.abspath('.')))
excellist=[]
#列出当前目录下的所有.xml文件
for fullname in iterbrowse(os.path.abspath('.')):
print(fullname)
obj1=re.compile(r'([\W\w]*)(\.xlsx)
)
for m in obj1.finditer(fullname):
print((m.group()))
excellist.append(m.group())
print(excellist)
for fileName in excellist:
fileName=fileName.split('\\')[-1]
file_data = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName)
sheetnum=len(file_data.sheets())
sheetList=[]
for index in range(sheetnum):
sheet_name=file_data.sheets().name
print(sheet_name)
sheetList.append(sheet_name)
print(sheetList)
for sheetName in sheetList:
test = operate(fileName, sheetName)
test.xlsx_to_dic(sheetName)
test.dic_to_xml(fileName, sheetName)
print("Convert success!")
os.system('pause')
页:
[1]
