查看 Linux 版本和内核的方法
1. uname 命令uname（unix name） 是一个打印系统信息的工具，包括内核名称、版本号、系统详细信息以及所运行的操作系统等等。root@test-01 ~ >> uname -aLinux test-01 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 19:03:37 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux2. /proc/version 文件这个文件记录了 Linux 内核的版本、用于编译内核的 gcc 的版本、内核编译的时间，以及内核编译者的用户名。root@test-01 ~ >> cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 19:03:37 UTC 20183. RPM 命令RPM（红帽包管理器 [ RedHat Package Manager ]）是在 CentOS、Oracle Linux、Fedora 这些基于 RedHat 的操作系统上的一个强大的命令行包管理工具，同样也可以帮助我们查看系统的版本信息。root@test-01 ~ >> rpm -q kernel
kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_644. /boot/ 文件夹/boot 文件夹包含所有引导相关的信息文件和文件夹，例如 grub.conf，vmlinuz image aka kernel 等。root@test-01 ~ >> ll /boot/ | grep vmlinuz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.2M 11月 23 2016 vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M 3月 8 03:16 vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_645. dmesg 命令dmesg（展示信息 [ display message ] 或驱动程序信息 [ driver message ]）是大多数类 Unix 操作系统上的一个命令，用于打印内核的消息缓冲区的信息。root@test-01 ~ >> dmesg | grep Linux
[ 0.000000] Linux version 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 19:03:37 UTC 2018
[ 2.644215] Linux agpgart interface v0.103
[ 2.658447] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 ehci_hcd
[ 2.662139] usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 uhci_hcd5. Yum/Dnf 命令Yum（Yellowdog 更新器修改版 [ Yellowdog Updater Modified ]）是 Linux 操作系统上的一个包管理工具，而 yum 命令被用于一些基于 RedHat 的 Linux 发行版上安装、更新、查找、删除软件包。root@test-01 ~ >> yum info kernel
Installed Packages
Name : kernel
Arch : x86_64
Version : 3.10.0
Release : 514.el7
Size : 148 M
Repo : installed
From repo : anaconda
Summary : The Linux kernel
URL : http://www.kernel.org/
License : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
: Linux operating system.The kernel handles the basic functions
: of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
: input and output, etc.
Name : kernel
Arch : x86_64
Version : 3.10.0
Release : 693.21.1.el7
Size : 60 M
Repo : installed
From repo : updates
Summary : The Linux kernel
URL : http://www.kernel.org/
License : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
: Linux operating system.The kernel handles the basic functions
: of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
: input and output, etc.
root@test-01 ~ >> dnf info kernel
Installed Packages
Name : kernel
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 0
Version : 3.10.0
Release : 514.el7
Size : 148 M
Repo : @System
Summary : The Linux kernel
URL : http://www.kernel.org/
License : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
: Linux operating system.The kernel handles the basic functions
: of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
: input and output, etc.
Name : kernel
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 0
Version : 3.10.0
Release : 693.21.1.el7
Size : 60 M
Repo : @System
Summary : The Linux kernel
URL : http://www.kernel.org/
License : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
: Linux operating system.The kernel handles the basic functions
: of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
: input and output, etc.
Available Packages
Name : kernel-debug
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 0
Version : 3.10.0
Release : 693.21.1.el7
Size : 45 M
Repo : updates
Summary : The Linux kernel compiled with extra debugging enabled
URL : http://www.kernel.org/
License : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
: Linux operating system.The kernel handles the basic functions
: of the operating system:memory allocation, process allocation, device
: input and output, etc.
:
: This variant of the kernel has numerous debugging options enabled.
: It should only be installed when trying to gather additional information
: on kernel bugs, as some of these options impact performance noticably.6. lsb_release 命令（此命令适用于所有的 Linux 发行版本）LSB（Linux 标准库 [ Linux Standard Base ]）能够打印发行版的具体信息，包括发行版名称、版本号、代号等。如没有此命令可运行 yum install redhat-lsb-core 安装root@test-01 ~ >> lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
Release: 7.4.1708
Codename: Core7. /etc/*release 文件release 文件通常被视为操作系统的标识。在 /etc 目录下放置了很多记录着发行版各种信息的文件，每个发行版都各自有一套这样记录着相关信息的文件。root@test-01 ~ >> ll /etc/*release
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root38 Aug 302017 /etc/centos-release
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 393 Aug 302017 /etc/os-release
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root14 Mar 23 12:45 /etc/redhat-release -> centos-release
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root14 Mar 23 12:45 /etc/system-release -> centos-release
root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)8. /etc/issue | /etc/issue.net 文件（此命令适用于所有的 Linux 发行版本）root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/issue.net
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
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