selenium测试框架篇，页面对象和元素对象的管理
做自动化框架，不可避免的就是对象库。有一个好的对象库，可以让整个测试体系：
更容易维护
大大增加代码重用
增加测试系统的稳定性
这里先了解一下我所说的对象库：
所谓的页面对象，是指每一个真是的页面是一个对象。
比如zhihu的登陆页面是一个页面对象，http://www.zhihu.com/#signin
这个页面对象主要包含一个输入邮箱的输入框（一个元素对象），一个输入密码的密码框
一个登陆框。当然，zhihu不止一个页面，有无数页面，每一个页面都可以封装为一个对象。而每个
页面的元素，也可以封装成一个个元素对象。
为什么要封装成一个个对象？
还是以这个登陆页面为例，如果有一天zhihu改版，登陆界面UI变了，（但是需要输入用户名和密码还
有登陆按钮不会消失吧）。
登陆页面的元素的位置也相应改变，如果你的测试用例没有封装过页面和元素， 每个页面都是拿webdr
iver 直接写，页面元素定位
也分布到测试用例中，这要维护起来要全部改掉测试用例。如果你封装了页面，封装了元素，再封装
一个对应的登陆Action，你的每个
测试用例是调用的login.action（）。 这样，你只需要改变你对象库的内容就完美解决UI变化，而
不必一个个修改测试用例。
测试框架目录如下：
接下来一这个登陆为例：
首先封装一个BasePage的类，毕竟所有的页面都有共同的东西，每个页面都有元素，每个页面元素都有相应的方法
这里简单封装了几个方法，如type
package com.dbyl.libarary.utils;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class BasePage {
protected WebDriver driver;
protected String[][] locatorMap;
protected BasePage(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
this.driver = driver;
locatorMap = ReadExcelUtil.getLocatorMap();
}
protected void type(Locator locator, String values) throws Exception {
WebElement e = findElement(driver, locator);
e.sendKeys(values);
}
protected void click(Locator locator) throws Exception {
WebElement e = findElement(driver, locator);
e.click();
}
protected void clickAndHold(Locator locator) throws IOException {
WebElement e = findElement(driver, locator);
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.clickAndHold(e).perform();
}
public WebDriver getDriver() {
return driver;
}
public void setDriver(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
public WebElement getElement(Locator locator) throws IOException {
return getElement(this.getDriver(), locator);
}
/**
* get by parameter
*
* @author Young
* @param driver
* @param locator
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public WebElement getElement(WebDriver driver, Locator locator)
throws IOException {
locator = getLocator(locator.getElement());
WebElement e;
switch (locator.getBy()) {
case xpath:
e = driver.findElement(By.xpath(locator.getElement()));
break;
case id:
e = driver.findElement(By.id(locator.getElement()));
break;
case name:
e = driver.findElement(By.name(locator.getElement()));
break;
case cssSelector:
e = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(locator.getElement()));
break;
case className:
e = driver.findElement(By.className(locator.getElement()));
break;
case tagName:
e = driver.findElement(By.tagName(locator.getElement()));
break;
case linkText:
e = driver.findElement(By.linkText(locator.getElement()));
break;
case partialLinkText:
e = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(locator.getElement()));
break;
default:
e = driver.findElement(By.id(locator.getElement()));
}
return e;
}
public boolean isElementPresent(WebDriver driver, Locator myLocator,
int timeOut) throws IOException {
final Locator locator = getLocator(myLocator.getElement());
boolean isPresent = false;
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 60);
isPresent = wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {
@Override
public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
return findElement(d, locator);
}
}).isDisplayed();
return isPresent;
}
/**
* This Method for check isPresent Locator
*
* @param locator
* @param timeOut
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public boolean isElementPresent(Locator locator, int timeOut)
throws IOException {
return isElementPresent(driver,locator, timeOut);
}
/**
*
* @param driver
* @param locator
* @return
*/
public WebElement findElement(WebDriver driver, final Locator locator) {
WebElement element = (new WebDriverWait(driver, locator.getWaitSec()))
.until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>() {
@Override
public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) {
try {
return getElement(driver, locator);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
return null;
}
}
});
return element;
}
public Locator getLocator(String locatorName) throws IOException {
Locator locator;
for (int i = 0; i < locatorMap.length; i++) {
if (locatorMap.endsWith(locatorName)) {
return locator = new Locator(locatorMap);
}
}
return locator = new Locator(locatorName);
}
}
接下来封装元素，Webdriver的元素，每个元素都有相应的定位地址（xpath路径或css或id）等待时间和定位类型，默认为By.xpath
package com.dbyl.libarary.utils;
/**
* This is for element library
*
* @author Young
*
*/
public class Locator {
private String element;
private int waitSec;
/**
* create a enum variable for By
*
* @author Young
*
*/
public enum ByType {
xpath, id, linkText, name, className, cssSelector, partialLinkText, tagName
}
private ByType byType;
public Locator() {
}
/**
* defaut Locator ,use Xpath
*
* @author Young
* @param element
*/
public Locator(String element) {
this.element = element;
this.waitSec = 3;
this.byType = ByType.xpath;
}
public Locator(String element, int waitSec) {
this.waitSec = waitSec;
this.element = element;
this.byType = ByType.xpath;
}
public Locator(String element, int waitSec, ByType byType) {
this.waitSec = waitSec;
this.element = element;
this.byType = byType;
}
public String getElement() {
return element;
}
public int getWaitSec() {
return waitSec;
}
public ByType getBy() {
return byType;
}
public void setBy(ByType byType) {
this.byType = byType;
}
}
接下来就是登陆页面的类，这个登陆页面的元素，放在excel统一管理，要获取元素的信息，首先从excel读取。
读取excel的页面元素是使用POI开源框架
package com.dbyl.libarary.utils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
public class ReadExcelUtil {
static String path;
/**
* @author Young
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String[][] getLocatorMap() throws IOException {
path = "C:/Users/Young/workspace/Demo/src/com/dbyl/libarary/pageAction/UILibrary.xls";
File f1 = new File(path);
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f1);
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new POIFSFileSystem(in));
Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
Row header = sheet.getRow(0);
String[][] locatorMap = new String[header
.getLastCellNum()];
for (int rownum = 0; rownum <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); rownum++) {
// for (Cell cell : row)
Row row = sheet.getRow(rownum);
if (row == null) {
continue;
}
String value;
for (int cellnum = 0; cellnum <= row.getLastCellNum(); cellnum++) {
Cell cell = row.getCell(cellnum);
if (cell == null) {
continue;
} else {
value = "";
}
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
value = cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
value = cell.getDateCellValue().toString();
} else {
value = Double.toString((int) cell
.getNumericCellValue());
}
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
value = Boolean.toString(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
value = cell.getCellFormula().toLowerCase();
break;
default:
value = " ";
System.out.println();
}
locatorMap = value;
}
}
in.close();
wb.close();
return locatorMap;
}
}
页面类
复制代码
package com.dbyl.libarary.pageAction;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.BasePage;
import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.Locator;
public class LoginPage extends BasePage {
WebDriver driver;
public WebDriver getDriver() {
return driver;
}
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
super(driver);
driver.get("http://www.zhihu.com/#signin");
}
Locator loginEmailInputBox = new Locator("loginEmailInputBox");
Locator loginPasswordInputBox = new Locator("loginPasswordInputBox");
Locator loginButton = new Locator("loginButton");
Locator profile = new Locator(
"profile");
public void typeEmailInputBox(String email) throws Exception {
type(loginEmailInputBox, email);
}
public void typePasswordInputBox(String password) throws Exception {
type(loginPasswordInputBox, password);
}
public void clickOnLoginButton() throws Exception {
click(loginButton);
}
public boolean isPrestentProfile() throws IOException {
return isElementPresent(profile, 20);
}
public void waitForPageLoad() {
super.getDriver().manage().timeouts()
.pageLoadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
复制代码
接下来就是登陆的Action
复制代码
package com.dbyl.libarary.action;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import com.dbyl.libarary.pageAction.HomePage;
import com.dbyl.libarary.pageAction.LoginPage;
public class CommonLogin {
private static WebDriver driver;
public static WebDriver getDriver() {
return driver;
}
static LoginPage loginPage;
public static HomePage login(String email, String password)
throws Exception {
loginPage = new LoginPage(getDriver());
loginPage.waitForPageLoad();
loginPage.typeEmailInputBox(email);
loginPage.typePasswordInputBox(password);
loginPage.clickOnLoginButton();
Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isPrestentProfile(), "login failed");
return new HomePage(getDriver());
}
public static HomePage login() throws Exception {
return CommonLogin.login("seleniumcookies@126.com", "cookies123");
}
public static void setDriver(WebDriver driver) {
CommonLogin.driver = driver;
}
}
复制代码
至此为止，已经封装完毕
接下来就能在测试用例直接调用者
package com.dbyl.tests;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import com.dbyl.libarary.action.ViewHomePage;
import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.DriverFactory;
import com.dbyl.libarary.utils.UITest;
public class loginTest extends UITest{
WebDriver driver=DriverFactory.getChromeDriver();
@BeforeMethod(alwaysRun=true)
public void init()
{
super.init(driver);
ViewHomePage.setDriver(driver);
//CommonLogin.setDriver(driver);
}
@Test(groups="loginTest")
public void loginByUerName() throws Exception
{
//CommonLogin.login("seleniumcookies@126.com","cookies123");
ViewHomePage.viewMyProfile();
}
@AfterMethod(alwaysRun=true)
public void stop() {
super.stop();
}
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