Spring集成JUnit单元测试框架
一.JUnit介绍JUnit是Java中最有名的单元测试框架，用于编写和运行可重复的测试，多数Java的开发环境都已经集成了JUni
t作为单元测试的工具。好的单元测试能极大的提高开发效率和代码质量。
测试类命名规则：被测试类+Test，如UserServiceTest
测试用例命名规则：test+用例方法，如testGet
Maven导入junit、sprint-test 、json-path相关测试包，并配置maven-suerfire-plugin插件，编辑pom.xml
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<dependencies>
<!-- Test Unit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Json断言测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
<artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
<version>2.4.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 单元测试插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.surefire</groupId>
<artifactId>surefire-junit4</artifactId>
<version>2.20</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<configuration>
<!-- 是否跳过测试 -->
<skipTests>false</skipTests>
<!-- 排除测试类 -->
<excludes>
<exclude>**/Base*</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
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二.Service层测试示例
创建Service层测试基类，新建BaseServiceTest.java
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// 配置Spring中的测试环境
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// 指定Spring的配置文件路径
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext.xml"})
// 测试类开启事务,需要指定事务管理器,默认测试完成后,数据库操作自动回滚
@Transactional(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
// 指定数据库操作不回滚,可选
@Rollback(value = false)
public class BaseServiceTest {
}
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测试UserService类，新建测试类UserServiceTest.java
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public class UserServiceTest extends BaseServiceTest {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserServiceTest.class);
@Resource
private UserService userService;
@Test
public void testGet() {
UserDO userDO = userService.get(1);
Assert.assertNotNull(userDO);
LOGGER.info(userDO.getUsername());
// 增加验证断言
Assert.assertEquals("testGet faield", "Google", userDO.getUsername());
}
}
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三.Controller层测试示示例
创建Controller层测试基类，新建BaseControllerTest.java
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// 配置Spring中的测试环境
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// 指定测试环境使用的ApplicationContext是WebApplicationContext类型的
// value指定web应用的根
@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")
// 指定Spring容器层次和配置文件路径
@ContextHierarchy({
@ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext.xml"}),
@ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext_mvc.xml"})
})
// 测试类开启事务,需要指定事务管理器,默认测试完成后,数据库操作自动回滚
@Transactional(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
// 指定数据库操作不回滚,可选
@Rollback(value = false)
public class BaseControllerTest {
}
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测试IndexController类，新建测试类IndexControllerTest.java
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public class IndexControllerTest extends BaseControllerTest {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserServiceTest.class);
// 注入webApplicationContext
@Resource
private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
// 初始化mockMvc,在每个测试方法前执行
@Before
public void setup() {
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.webApplicationContext).build();
}
@Test
public void testIndex() throws Exception {
/**
* mockMvc.perform()执行一个请求
* get("/server/get")构造一个请求
* andExpect()添加验证规则
* andDo()添加一个结果处理器
* andReturn()执行完成后返回结果
*/
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/server/get")
.param("id", "1"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username").value("Google"))
.andDo(print())
.andReturn();
LOGGER.info(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
// 增加验证断言
Assert.assertNotNull(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
}
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四.执行单元测试
工程测试目录结构如下，运行mvn test命令，自动执行maven-suerfire-plugin插件
执行结果
五.异常情况
执行测试用例时可能抛BeanCreationNotAllowedException异常
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(AbstractApplicationContext.java:994) - Exception thrown from ApplicationListener handling ContextClosedEvent
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationNotAllowedException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory': Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction (Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:216)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.retrieveApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:235)
at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.getApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:192)
at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:128)
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通过注入DefaultLifecycleProcessor解决，编辑resources/spring/applicationContext.xml
<bean id="lifecycleProcessor" class="org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor">
<property name="timeoutPerShutdownPhase" value="10000"/>
</bean>
:victory:
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