JUnit4 多线程执行测试用例 (上)
本帖最后由 八戒你干嘛 于 2017-8-8 11:18 编辑前言:
之前发过类似的文章,现重新调整了部分格式,部分内容稍作调整和添加,便于阅读。
评论中,有人说直接使用TestNG,就可以实现多线程,是的,但是方式不一样;我们是按照自己的需求对JUnit4自定义多线程Runner,直接在某个类加上相应的注解即可,运行该类就行,支持类和方法级别;TestNG只在方法上有注解 @Test(threadPoolSize = m, invocationCount = n, timeOut = i)实现了对这个方法进行多线程重复跑,threadPoolSize多少个线程执行该方法,invocationCount被执行次数,timeOut每次执行该方法的超时时间,这仅是用多线程重复执行这一个方法,而不是类下面的所有方法同时并发执行,并不是所谓的方法级别并发;TestNG是在xml指定并发的类,方法,组件,具体参照TestNG Executing Parallel Tests Example。
这里不讨论TestNG与JUnit4谁好谁坏,JUnit 4 vs TestNG,只要能满足自己的业务需要即可。
本文仅针对JUnit4进行二次开发。
JUnit4本身是支持多线程,但没有提供多线程的注解;本文将介绍JUnit4自身的多线程实现,自定义对单个类进行多线程执行的Runner和自定义聚合多个类进行多线程执行的Runner。
(一)JUnit4自身的多线程实现JUnit4提供了ParallerComputer类来使用多线程执行测试用例。
java.lang.Object
extended by org.junit.runner.Computer
extended by org.junit.experimental.ParallelComputer
源码如下:
001 package org.junit.experimental;
002
003 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
004 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
005 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
006
007 import org.junit.runner.Computer;
008 import org.junit.runner.Runner;
009 import org.junit.runners.ParentRunner;
010 import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;
011 import org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder;
012 import org.junit.runners.model.RunnerScheduler;
013
014 public class ParallelComputer extends Computer {
015 private final boolean classes;
016
017 private final boolean methods;
018
019 public ParallelComputer(boolean classes, boolean methods) {
020 this.classes = classes;
021 this.methods = methods;
022 }
023
024 public static Computer classes() {
025 return new ParallelComputer(true, false);
026 }
027
028 public static Computer methods() {
029 return new ParallelComputer(false, true);
030 }
031
032 private static Runner parallelize(Runner runner) {
033 if (runner instanceof ParentRunner) {
034 ((ParentRunner<?>) runner).setScheduler(new RunnerScheduler() {
035 private final ExecutorService fService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
036
037 public void schedule(Runnable childStatement) {
038 fService.submit(childStatement);
039 }
040
041 public void finished() {
042 try {
043 fService.shutdown();
044 fService.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
045 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
046 e.printStackTrace(System.err);
047 }
048 }
049 });
050 }
051 return runner;
052 }
053 //类的维度
054 @Override
055 public Runner getSuite(RunnerBuilder builder, java.lang.Class<?>[] classes)
056 throws InitializationError {
057 Runner suite = super.getSuite(builder, classes);
058 return this.classes ? parallelize(suite) : suite;
059 }
060 // 方法的维度
061 @Override
062 protected Runner getRunner(RunnerBuilder builder, Class<?> testClass)
063 throws Throwable {
064 Runner runner = super.getRunner(builder, testClass);
065 return methods ? parallelize(runner) : runner;
066 }
067 }ParallelComputer类中parallelize(Runner runner)方法重写了
ParentRunner类的方法runner.setScheduler(RunnerSchedulerscheduler) ,重新定义了调度顺序,定义了一个线程池 private final ExecutorService fService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool()来多线程执行,运行结束后finished(),关闭线程池fService.shutdown(),并返回该runner。
其中ParallelComputer类重写了父类 Computer的getSuite()和getRunner:
@Override
public Runner getSuite(RunnerBuilder builder, java.lang.Class<?>[] classes)
throws InitializationError {
Runner suite = super.getSuite(builder, classes);
return this.classes ? parallelize(suite) : suite;
}
@Override
protected Runner getRunner(RunnerBuilder builder, Class<?> testClass)
throws Throwable {
Runner runner = super.getRunner(builder, testClass);
return methods ? parallelize(runner) : runner;
}
getSuite()和getRunner()根据ParallelComputer类的全局final变量classes和methods的值去决定是否多线程执行;
classes为true时,并发以类为维度,如下:return this.classes ? parallelize(suite) : suite;methods为true时,并发以方法为维度,如下:
return methods ? parallelize(runner) : runner;ParallelComputer类提供了带参的构造函数:public ParallelComputer(boolean classes, boolean methods)可以在类初始化时,直接定义多线程执行(不同维度)的对象。
JUnitCore类中的方法runClasses():public static Result runClasses(Computer computer,Class<?>... classes)可以在main()函数里直接运行测试用例,参数Computer是ParallelComputer的父类,可以直接new ParallelComputer(boolean classes, boolean methods)对象作为第一个形参。
实例1:
public class A {
@Test
public void a() {
assertThat(3, is(1));
}
@Test
public void b() {
assertThat(3, not(1));
}
}
public class B {
@Test
public void c() {
assertThat(3, greaterThan(1));
}
@Test
public void d() {
assertThat(3, lessThan(1));
}
}
public class ParallelTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class[] cls = { A.class, B.class };
Result rt;
// 并发以类为维度
// rt = JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.classes(), cls);
// 并发以方法为维度
// rt = JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.methods(), cls);
// 并发以类和方法为维度
rt = JUnitCore.runClasses(new ParallelComputer(true, true), cls);
System.out.println(rt.getRunCount() + " " + rt.getFailures()+ " " + rt.getRunTime());
}
}// A,B两个类并发执行,但类的方法还是串行执行;
JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.classes(), cls);
// A,B两个类串行执行,但类的方法并发执行
JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.methods(), cls);
// A,B两个类并发执行,其方法也并发执行
JUnitCore.runClasses(new ParallelComputer(true, true), cls);
(二)自定义对单个类进行多线程执行的Runnerpackage com.weibo.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.junit.runner.notification.RunNotifier;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod;
import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
/**
* Runs all tests in parallel and waits for them to complete.
*
*/
public class MultiThreadedRunner extends BlockJUnit4ClassRunner {
private AtomicInteger numThreads;
public static int maxThreads = 10;
public MultiThreadedRunner (Class<?> klass) throws InitializationError {
super (klass);
numThreads = new AtomicInteger(0);
}
// Runs the test corresponding to child,which can be assumed to be an element of the list returned by getChildren()
@Override
protected void runChild(final FrameworkMethod method, final RunNotifier notifier) {
while (numThreads.get() > maxThreads) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.err.println ("Interrupted: " + method.getName());
e.printStackTrace();
return; // The user may have interrupted us; this won't happen normally
}
}
numThreads.incrementAndGet();
// 用线程执行父类runChild(method, notifier)
new Thread (new Test(method, notifier)).start();
}
// childrenInvoker() call runChild(Object, RunNotifier) on each object returned by getChildren()
// evaluate() run the action, 调用父类BlockJUnit4ClassRunner的evaluate()
@Override
protected Statement childrenInvoker(final RunNotifier notifier) {
return new Statement() {
@Override
public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
MultiThreadedRunner.super.childrenInvoker(notifier).evaluate();
// wait for all child threads (tests) to complete
while (numThreads.get() > 0) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
};
}
class Test implements Runnable {
private final FrameworkMethod method;
private final RunNotifier notifier;
public Test (final FrameworkMethod method, final RunNotifier notifier) {
this.method = method;
this.notifier = notifier;
}
@Override
public void run () {
System.err.println (method.getName());
MultiThreadedRunner.super.runChild(method, notifier);
numThreads.decrementAndGet();
}
}
}
由于字数限制:请转至
JUnit4 多线程执行测试用例 (下)
可以用testng来实现并发测试,加一个注解就OK了
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